斜压大气中尺度半平衡和准平衡动力学模式  

Baroclinic Mesoscale Semi balanced and Quasi balanced Dynamic Models

作　　者：赵强[1] 刘式适[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球物理学系

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》1999年第1期89-100,共12页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：LASG和LAPC基金

摘　　要：分析了中尺度大气运动的物理特征，指出非平衡强迫运动是引起中尺度重要天气演变的根本原因。中尺度动力学方程组是中尺度动力学理论研究的基础，因此，结合中尺度大气运动的基本特征，依据严格的尺度分析理论和摄动理论，简化基于流体力学和热力学的大气动力学方程组，使之能够恰当地描述出中尺度运动的基本特征，对于中尺度动力学的发展是极为必要的。基于非线性平衡方程所得到半平衡模式和准平衡模式分别与半地转模式和准地转模式极为相似，它们可以较精确地描述中尺度大气运动的基本特征，因而，可作为中尺度动力学研究的理论基础。将准平衡动力学模式应用于中尺度涡旋系统的研究，结论表明中尺度平衡涡旋系统主要是受梯度风控制，其流场和气压场的发展演变则由一个演化方程来描写，获得了较为理想的结果。The physical characteristics of mesoscale are analyzed,and results show that the unbalanced forced motion is the fundamental cause,which lead to evolution of some important mesoscale weather systems.The mesoscale dynamics equations are the basis of the theoretical studies of mesoscale atmospheric dynamics.Therefore,according to the characteristics of the mesoscale motion,the formal scaling analysis and the asymptotic theory are used to simplify the governing atmospheric dynamics equations which are based on fluid dynamics and thermodynamics,so they can describe the basic characteristics of the mesoscale motion more accurately.These procedures are essential for the development of the mesoscale dynamics.The semi balanced and quasi balanced models based on nonlinear balance equation are derived;they are in analogy with the semi geostrophic and quasi geostrophic models,respectively,and may be used as basis for the theoretical studies of the mesoscale atmospheric dynamics.The quasi balanced model is also used to study the mesoscale balanced vortex system,and the conclusion has shown that the mesoscale vortex system is mainly controlled by the gradient wind,and the development of its wind and pressure fields are described by an evolution equation.

关 键 词：中尺度运动 半平衡模式 准平衡模式 斜压大气 

分 类 号：P432.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]