求偶动机对男性冒险行为倾向的影响  

The Effect of Mating Motives on Risk Taking Likelihood Assessment in Men

作　　者：李宏利[1] 张雷[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学应用心理学系,保定071002 [2]香港中文大学教育心理学系

出　　处：《心理学报》2010年第5期618-624,共7页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：基于风险行为的性选择理论,通过内隐启动的方法探讨了求偶线索与奖赏线索对两性风险行为报告的影响。研究结果显示,男性接触求偶线索,与接触奖赏线索相比,更有可能进行娱乐领域、健康领域与社会领域的风险行为活动;而女性接触奖赏线索后,与求偶线索相比,更有可能会从事社会领域的风险行为活动;两性接触求偶线索与奖赏线索后都较少可能从事经济领域的风险行为活动。这些结果符合性选择理论,说明与求偶有关的信息线索能够诱导男性进行高风险活动,因为在进化过程中冒险行为可以作为好基因的标志增加男性获得配偶的机会。这些结果还揭示了,求偶动机对男性冒险行为的诱发作用远胜于外部动机(如金钱奖赏),因为求偶是人类在长期进化过程中形成的本能需求。According to sexual selection theory,intra-sex competition mainly among males leads to male characteristics known as weapons.The large body size and thick proboscis of male elephant seals and the robust horns and antlers of various ungulate stags are well-known examples of weapons.Inter-sex selection or mate choice,mostly exercised by the limiting sex or females,leads male characteristics known as ornaments.The vibrant colors of the guppy and the bright plumage of various birds are examples of ornaments.Whereas human males possess similar physical sex-dimorphic characteristics such as larger body frames （weapons）,and lower voice pitch （ornaments）,human sex-dimorphism is mainly shown as weapon-like （e.g.,aggression） and ornament-like behavior （e.g.,bragging）.Human risk taking is such an ornament-like behavior because,like all ornaments which are functionally useless but are yet costly to sustain,risk taking behavior brings danger to its carriers without apparent functional purposes.Like ornaments,risk taking behavior is preferred by conspecific females who find its male carriers sexually attractive.The purpose of the present study was to test sexual selection theory on humans by investigating the association between risk-taking behavior and mating motives among men but not women.This hypothesis was tested against the rival hypothesis that risk taking may be externally motivated by monetary reward that renders similar effects on both men and women.These hypotheses were tested on a sample of 127 graduate students （62 males,mean age=21.47;SD= 1.59）.In a between-group design,participants were exposed,on a computer screen,either to attractive opposite-sex pictures （the mating condition） or pictures of money or medals （the control or monetary reward condition）.These two conditions were manipulated as a simple perceptual task where participants were instructed to decide on the location of each picture as it flashes on the screen （500 ms） by pressing one of two keys on the keyboard.This is

关 键 词：求偶线索 奖赏线索 风险行为 性选择理论 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]