醛-酮催化氨化合成吡啶及其烷基衍生物研究进展  

Progress in synthesis of pyridine and its alkyl derivatives by catalytic ammonization of aldehyde or ketones

作　　者：冯成[1] 张月成[1] 赵继全[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学化工学院,天津300130

出　　处：《现代化工》2010年第5期21-24,26,共5页Modern Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(20976034);河北省青年科学基金资助项目(B2009000009);河北省科学技术研究与发展指导计划项目(072156136)

摘　　要：醛-酮催化氨化合成吡啶及其烷基衍生物(俗称吡啶碱)是工业生产吡啶类化合物的主要方法。对醛-酮催化氨化合成吡啶碱的反应机理、催化剂的进展进行了介绍,阐述了无定形硅铝酸盐作为催化剂合成吡啶碱选择性和寿命低的原因,以金属对无定形硅铝酸盐或择形硅铝酸盐分子筛进行修饰可改进催化剂的催化性能。择形硅铝酸盐分子筛的酸性对吡啶类产物的分布有显著影响,改变分子筛的硅铝比,可以调节催化剂的酸性,从而提高生成吡啶碱的选择性。Pyridine and its alkyl derivatives, which are so-called pyridine bases, are mainly produced through catalytic ammonization of aldehyde-ketones in industry. The mechanism for the synthesis of pyridine bases and the catalyst are introduced, the reasons for low selectivity for pyridine bases and low life-time with amorphous aluminosilicate as the catalyst are elaborated. It is found that the catalytic performance of amorphous aluminosilicate or shape-selective zeolite can be improved by modification through other metals. The acidity of the shape-selective zeolite has a significant influence on the product distribution. The acidity of the catalyst can be regulated by changing the silica-alumina ratio, and then the selectivity of pyridine bases can be increased.

关 键 词：吡啶 吡啶碱 催化剂 ZSM-5 分子筛 硅铝酸盐 

分 类 号：TQ217[化学工程—有机化工]