九寨沟林下28种乡土观赏植物种子基本特征  

Seed Traits of Twenty-eight Ornamental Undergrowth Native Species from Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve,China

作　　者：苏维维[1,2] 包维楷[1] 周志琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所生态恢复重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《山地学报》2010年第1期47-55,共9页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(No.2006BAC01A15-1);中国科学院"西部之光"博士资助项目(No.08C2041100);中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室;生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室的支持~~

摘　　要：为了筛选九寨沟旅游退化地段林下植被恢复的适宜物种,并揭示乡土植物种子基本性状特征,研究了九寨沟28种观赏性乡土植物种子基本特征(长宽、种皮厚度、千粒重、活力、萌发率)以及低温层积提高种子发芽能力的作用。调查研究结果是:1)28种植物种子中4种为小种子(<1mg),53.6%是中等大小的种子(1～9.9mg),32.1%为大种子(>9.9mg)。小种子均出现萌发,与小种子相比,种子休眠普遍存在于中等大小和大的种子中。2)77%的物种种子活力较高(>72%),但仅有7种常规条件下能萌发;窄叶鲜卑花的萌发率最高,达到80%左右,6种植物的萌发率3%～50%。3)低温层积显著提高了蔷薇、毛果铁线莲、宽叶旌节花、假升麻的萌发率(P<0.05),也相对较早地提高了陇东海棠、鲜黄小檗、独活的萌发,但对大多数种子萌发没有促进作用。综合分析表明,九寨沟28种林下或林缘乡土植物中只有窄叶鲜卑花、毛果铁线莲、宽叶旌节花、假升麻、陇东海棠、鲜黄小檗、蔷薇等12种可直播或通过低温层积处理后直播用于旅游干扰退化地段的林下植被恢复中,而其他种类尚需进一步寻求打破休眠的措施和方法。Seed traits of 28 ornamental native undergrowth species from Jiuzhaigou,including seed length,seed width,the thickness of seed coat,1000-seed mass,viability,germination percentage and the effect of cold stratification were investigated in order to assess the traits of them and to choose the suitable species for undergrowth vegetation restoration on patched degraded sites resulted from tourism.Results showed that：1）14.3% of the twenty-eight species was small seed（1 mg）,53.6% was medium seed（1~9.9 mg）,and 32.1% with big seed（9.9 mg）.The small seeds all germinated,but most species with medium seeds and big seeds have seed dormancy compared to species with small seeds.2）There are 77% seeds of the 28 species with high viability（72%）,only 7 species had germination before stratification.The highest germination percentage（80%）occurred for Sibiraea angustata,and the other 6 species germinated with percentage ranging form 3% to 50%.3）Cold stratification did not release seed dormancy for most species.In our study,there are only 4 species including Rosa spp,Clematis peterae var.trichocarpa,Stachyurus chinensis and Aruncus sylvester（P0.05）with germination percentage increased by cold stratification.In addition,the germination of Malus kansuensis,Berberis diaphana and Heracleum hemsleyanum was advanced comparatively.The present study suggested that,28 species,including Sibiraea angustata,Clematis peterae var.trichocarpa,Stachyurus chinensis,Aruncus Sylvester,Malus kansuensis,Berberis diaphana and Rosa sp,is suitable for seeding directly or seeding before cold stratification for undergrowth vegetation restoration in degraded sites resulting from tourism.

关 键 词：乡土物种 种子萌发能力 低温层积 林下植被恢复 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]