四象限之间的游走——1978—2008年的美国政治  

A Journey between Four Models:American Politics(1978—2008)

作　　者：朱文莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,副教授100871

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2010年第1期31-48,共18页The Journal of International Studies

摘　　要：在过去的30年间,美国仍然坚守其建国时期形成的古典自由主义核心价值理念,保持基本政治经济制度的稳固。在此前提下,围绕如何应对反文化运动和全球化进程的挑战,出现了政策手段的分歧和争议,即在经济领域,如何划分政府与市场力量的界限;在社会领域,如何划分政府与社团的权限。由此产生了凯恩斯主义、里根革命、第三条道路、新保守主义四种主要的政策组合。2008年出现的"奥巴马现象"背后有结构性变化的力量推动,但很难改变左右两翼的政治僵持局面。奥巴马政府停止了布什的保守主义政策,但没有借机推出自由派纲领。那些认为奥巴马重启凯恩斯主义路线的观点是言过其实。Over the past 30 years,the United States has adhered to the core values of classical liberalism,which it has held since the founding of the nation,and maintained the stability of its political and economic system. Under this premise,while focusing on how to deal with the challenges brought by the counter-culture movement and the process of globalization,many disputes and differences on economic and social policies have emerged. Within the economic field,there are differences on how to draw the boundary between government and market forces; in the social field,there are differences on how to draw the boundary between government and social organizations. This resulted in the mix of the four main policies of Keynesianism,the Reagan Revolution,the Third Way,and Neo-conservatism. A driving force behind the Obama Phenomenon that appeared in 2008 was one of structural change. However,it is difficult to change the political gridlock between the left and right wings. The Obama Administration ended the Bush Administration's conservative policy,but it did not take the opportunity to push the liberal agenda. Claims that Obama is restarting on the Keynesian route are exaggerated.

关 键 词：世界政治 美国 里根革命 第三条道路 新保守主义 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]