相位实时差分技术应用于飞行器交会对接研究  

Real-time GNSS carrier phase differential technique for spacecraft rendezvous and docking

作　　者：阳仁贵[1] 袁运斌[1] 欧吉坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所动力大地测量重点实验室,武汉430077

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2010年第5期651-657,共7页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(批准号:40625013);广东省中国科学院全面战略合作项目(编号:2009B091300059);国家自然科学基金(批准号:40890160);国家高技术研究发展计划(编号:2007AA12Z311)资助项目

摘　　要：空间飞行器交会对接需要实时高精度地确定两飞行器的相对位置.应用GNSS引导两飞行器交会对接,是GNSS差分原理的一种特殊应用.星载接收机提供的载波相位观测值是高精度定位的基础,但是如何实时可靠地固定相位模糊度仍然是关键技术,提出了一种有效的模糊度实时解算算法,即在宽巷组合的基础上附加选权约束来固定两种不同波长的宽巷模糊度,然后依据组合法直接求解L1和L2相位模糊度整数解.实验结果显示,应用该算法进行模糊度单历元实时解算时,15km以内的短基线,解算成功率大于99%,能满足实时交会对接定位精度的要求.为了验证该算法在空间飞行器对接中的应用,采用仿真的方法模拟了两飞行器逼近和离开的过程,模拟并实时输出星载GNSS观测量.进而应用新算法实时估计两飞行器间相对位置,精度达到厘米级水平.我们的研究不但能进一步完善GNSS相位模糊度解算理论与方法,也可促进GNSS在航空飞行器编队飞行和交会对接等相关领域的应用.The spacecraft rendezvous and docking needs to determine the high precision real-time relative position and the relative velocity of the two aircraft in high precision real-time. Guiding two aircrafts with GNSS to dock is a special application of the GNSS differential principle. The GNSS carrier phase observables are the foundation for high precision positioning. However how to fix the real-time phase ambiguity are still the key technologies for the GNSS real-time application. This paper proposes an effective algorithm for single epoch ambiguity resolution： the fitting method by selection of parameter weights is used to resolve two kind wide lane ambiguities, and the L1 and L2 phase ambiguity are then resolved directly based on the combined wide lane ambiguities. Experimental results show that the success ratio of single epoch ambiguity resolution is larger than 99% for a baseline whose distance is less than 15 kilometer. Therefore this new algorithm can satisfy the demand of the real-time high precision positioning. In order to verify this algorithm in the application of the spacecraft rendezvous and docking, a simulation method is used to simulate the GNSS measurements and the process that two aircraft approach and leave. Then the new algorithm is applied to estimating the relative position between the two aircrafts using the simulation data, and it demonstrates that the relative position precision achieves the cm level. Therefore, this study will improve GNSS phase ambiguity resolution methods and advance GNSS applications in aviation aircraft formation flying and docking, and other related fields.

关 键 词：交会对接 GNSS精密定位 相位模糊度 选权拟合法 

分 类 号：P228.4[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]