饲料中不同磷水平对红螯螯虾幼虾生长和体组成的影响  

Effects of dietary phosphorus levels on growth and proximate composition of juvenile red-claw crayfish(Cherax quadricarinatus)

作　　者：王冬冬[1,2] 叶金云[1] 王友慧[3] 陈建明[3] 潘茜[3] 沈斌乾[3] 郭建林[3] 张凌燕[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院,浙江湖州313000 [2]宁波大学应用海洋生物技术教育部重点实验室,浙江宁波315211 [3]浙江省淡水水产研究所,浙江湖州313001 [4]大连海洋大学生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2010年第3期344-351,共8页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：浙江省重大(招标)项目(2002C12016)

摘　　要：以秘鲁鱼粉、豆粕为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,通过调节饲料中不同磷酸二氢钙水平形成7种不同磷水平(0.72%、0.85%、1.00%、1.16%、1.32%、1.47%和1.74%)的等氮等能饲料,并以此饲料投喂红螯螯虾幼虾(2.25±0.12)g8周。试验结果显示:饲料中不同磷水平对红螯螯虾幼虾的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和成活率都有一定的影响,增重率和特定生长率均随着磷水平的升高而升高,当总磷含量为1.34%时获得最佳特定生长率,而过高(1.74%)或过低(0.72%)的磷水平会显著影响幼虾的生长;饲料系数随磷水平的升高呈下降趋势;在1.00%～1.74%的磷水平之间成活率均为100%;随着磷水平的升高,全虾和肝胰脏粗脂肪含量逐渐降低,全虾粗灰分和总磷含量均逐渐升高,并且肌肉粗蛋白含量也呈一定的增长趋势;适宜的磷水平可以提高血浆碱性磷酸酶活性,而肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶活性随磷水平的升高而降低。综合幼虾的生长性能、营养成分等分析得出,体重在(2.25±0.12)g的红螯螯虾幼虾适宜的饲料总磷含量在1.32%～1.47%之间。A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phosphorus on juvenile red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus.Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with different phosphorus levels（0.72,0.85,1.00,1.16,1.32,1.47and 1.74%）were prepared using fish meal and soybean meal as the main protein sources.Juvenile red claw crayfish with an initial mean weight 2.25±0.12 g were fed to satiation with one of the seven diets for 8 weeks.The results showed that the influences of different dietary phosphorus on the weight gain,specific growth rate,survival rate and feed conversion ratio were significant（P0.05）.The weight gain and specific growth rate increased with dietary phosphorus increasing,from 0.72% to 1.47%,the specific growth rate reached the maximal value at dietary phosphorus 1.34%.Survival rate increased with the dietary phosphorus increasing from 0.72% to 1.00% and no differences were observed with the dietary phosphorus increasing,the survival rates were all 100%.Meanwhile,the whole body and carapace phosphorus level increased,and the crude lipid level in the whole body and hepatopancreas decreased with the increase of dietary total phosphorus.The activity of tissue protease and plasma alkaline phosphatase could be enhanced at the suitable dietary phosphorus levels while hepatopancreas alkaline phosphatase activity was negatively related to dietary total phosphorus.Based upon the present study,a diet containing 1.32%-1.47% total phosphorus might be considered as the optimum levels for growth,survival and tissue mineralization.

关 键 词：红螯螯虾 幼虾 生长性能 磷 营养组成 

分 类 号：S963.71[农业科学—水产养殖]