池鹭育雏期间的取食对养殖幼鱼的影响  

Impacts on the breeding fries by the Chinese pond-herons' feeding behavior during the brood time

作　　者：吴翔[1] 何文珊[1] 张超[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸科学研究院,上海200062 [2]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,西安712100

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2010年第3期398-403,共6页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：上海市科委项目(07DZ12039)

摘　　要：池鹭(Ardeola bacchus)属于晚成鸟,育雏期间会取食大量的鱼类和昆虫类食物。2008年7月11-17日,通过拾取池鹭雏鸟的呕吐物,对长江口崇西湿地的池鹭种群育雏期间的食性进行了连续取样调查。池鹭食物成分中鱼类重量占的比例为88.86%,昆虫类为0.79%,哺乳类为1.27%,研究数据表明,池鹭的取食以鱼类为主,有较高的一致性,并且偏向于取食鲫(Carassius auratus),鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)等经济鱼种;食物成分中鲫的选择系数最高,为0.0514,单位重量每个为7.6409g,说明繁殖期池鹭的食物主要由当年放养的鲫鱼苗组成,对当地的渔业养殖有着明显的影响。根据我们之前的调查,在崇明岛一些区域,当地人主要采用破坏鹭巢和鸟蛋,使用猎枪射杀成鸟和雏鸟的方法减少其对渔业的影响。因此在对于鹭类的研究中,我们应当注意鹭类行为的负面效应,通过不同角度的研究,用更完善的方式对其进行生态管理。The Chinese pond-heron（Ardeola bacchus）is a species of altrices,and they feed on large amount of fishes and insects during the brooding period.From the July 11th to 17th,2008,we conducted the investigation of the food composition of the Chinese pond-heron population in brooding period via collecting the vomits from the chicks,at the Chongxi wetland in Chongming Island.Among the the food compositions,the percentage of fish gross weight is 88.86%,insect gross weight is 0.76%,and the mammal gross weight is 1.27%.The investigation shows that,there was high consistency in the herons＇ feeding behaviors,focused on the fish,with the bias to the commercial fish species,especially on crucian（Carassius auratus）,and chub（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）etc.Among all of the food components,crucian had the highest selective coefficient of 0.051 4,and the individual weight is 7.640 9 g,composed of the crucian fries in the same year.The data indicate that the feeding behavior of the Chinese pond-heron during the brooding period has obvious influences on the local fishery.Besides,the investigations conducted by us in earlier time showed that：in order to reduce the negative influence by the heron,in some areas of Chongming island,local people destroy the nest and eggs,even shoot the adults herons and the nestlings.This result suggests that we should pay more attentions to the negative influences of the herons＇ behaviors,and from different angles of researches,and we should use more mature method to conduct the ecological management.

关 键 词：池鹭 育雏期 食性 选择系数 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]