解释学与解释、解释学与哲学是什么关系——就“何谓诠释学”中的两个问题请教洪汉鼎研究员  

On the Relations between Hermeneutics and Interpretation,Hermeneutics and Philosophy——Consultation with Professor Hong Handing about the Two Issues Involving "What Is Hermeneutics"

作　　者：王金福[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学政治与公共管理学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《学术月刊》2010年第5期26-32,共7页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：解释学与解释的关系、解释学与哲学的关系,是理解"何谓诠释学"的两个重要问题。洪汉鼎研究员混淆"解释学"和"解释"的概念,把解释当作解释学;混淆解释学和哲学的学科性质、功能,赞同解释学的哲学化(解释学成为哲学)和哲学的解释学化(哲学成为解释学),是没有正确回答他自己提出的"何谓诠释学"的问题。理解、解释是对文本意义的把握,是自人类产生以来就有的一种精神现象,理解、解释并不就是解释学。解释学起源于对理解、解释的反思,是对理解的理解、对解释的解释。解释学和哲学是两门相互独立的学科,有不同的研究对象、功能。解释学的哲学化和哲学的解释学化是解释学和哲学的双重倒退。解释学的哲学化是解释学的越界,它把"文本"概念扩大到包括历史存在,把"理解"概念扩大到包括历史认识,从而把对历史的认识作为自己的研究对象,解释学成为哲学(历史观),这反而模糊了自己的研究对象,承担了不应承担的任务。解释学的哲学化同时是哲学的解释学化。哲学的解释学化是哲学的退缩和唯心主义化。哲学通过解释学化放弃对整个世界一般本质的研究而退缩到单纯历史观的领域。解释学必须通过历史唯心主义这座桥才能越界成为哲学;哲学在解释学化后,必然用解释学的范畴、理论来解释对历史的认识,导致历史唯心主义。The relations between hermeneutics and interpretation, hermeneutics and philosophy are the key to understanding ＂What is hermeneutics＂. Mr. Hong Handing confused the concept of ＂hermeneutics＂ withthat of ＂interpretation＂, as well as the discipline nature and function of hermeneutics with that of philosophy. And he endorsed to take hermeneutics as philosophy, philosophy as herme- neutics. In my opinion, Mr. Hong didn＇t give the right answer to ＂What Is Hermeneutics＂ put for- ward by himself . Understanding and interpretation, as a mental phenomenon since humans came into being, are used to grasp the meaning of text. They cannot be taken as hermeneutics. Hermeneutics, which originated from the reflection on understanding and interpretation, is the understanding of un- derstanding and the interpretation of interpretation. Hermeneutics and philosophy are two separate subjects, with different research objects and functions. It is really a dual retrogression to take philoso- phy as hermeneutics or vice versa. The philosophized hermeneutics is a transgression of hermeneutics, which expanded the concept of ＂text＂ to the historical existence, the concept of ＂understanding＂ to the historical knowledge. Therefore, the understanding of history became the research object of her- meneutics. In doing so, it will surely blur the hermeneutic research object , which I don＇t think is the hermeneutic task. The philosophized hermeneutics also means to take the philosophy as hermeneutics. Hermeneutic philosophy is the retreat of philosophy and idealization as well. By means of hermeneutics, philosophy abandoned its own research of the general nature of the whole world and backed to the specific area of history. It is only by crossing the border of historical idealism that hermeneutics can become philosophy. After being taken as hermeneutics, philosophy will inevitably use the hermeneutic category and theory to explain the understanding of history, which will certainly lead to the historical idealism.

关 键 词：解释 解释学 哲学 历史唯心主义 历史唯物主义 

分 类 号：B089.2[哲学宗教—哲学理论]