准噶尔盆地沙质荒漠啮齿动物群落在短命植物存在期的空间—食物资源利用  

SPACE FOOD RESOURCE USE OF SANDY DESERT RODENT COMMUNITY WITHIN EPHEMERAL EXISTING PERIOD IN SOUTHERN FRINGE OF DZUNGARIA BASIN

作　　者：胡德夫[1] 盛和林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生物土壤沙漠研究所 [2]华东师范大学生物系

出　　处：《兽类学报》1999年第1期25-26,共2页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：从空间、食物和时间三维生态位途径，研究了荒漠啮齿动物群落４种鼠类于４～６月短命植物存在时期的空间—食物资源利用。在空间利用上，虽然４种鼠存在一定的觅食和活动空间方面的差异，但具有相似生物学特征的两种两足型鼠种（空间维重叠值：０８７８～０９０８）和两种四足型鼠种（空间维重叠值：０７０８～０８６３）种间仍表现出较高的空间利用趋同；在食物利用上，根据此时期的食物资源谱和食物谱测定，得出各鼠种均倾向于取食此时期丰富的短命植物种类，导致了各鼠种间较为相似的食物选择（选择系数主要在±０５范围）；结合各鼠种的活动时间观察，得出各成对鼠种间的三维生态位重叠值，其中，超过半数的成对鼠种生态位重叠值（０５０８～０８４０）大于有限相似性理论的０５值。究其原因，可能是由于该时期短命植物类群具有呈脉冲式迅速增长的生物量和越冬成鼠的较低种群密度，致使多数鼠种间未出现显著的资源利用生态分离，因而该时期可称为种间无竞争共存时期。各鼠种在短命植物存在时期，一定程度上表现出的资源利用趋异可能是捕食风险压力所致，但未改变该啮齿动物群落在此时期的基本资源利用格局。The pattern of resource use by sandy desert rodent community was studied by approach of three dimensional niche, microhabitat, food and time during ephemeral existing period ranging from April to June. In microhabitat use, both two bipedal species (overlap value in space:0 878～0 908) and two quadrupedal species (overlap value in space: 0 708～0 863) with similar biological characters show relatively high convergence in space selection although some differences in foraging and moving places among these rodents were observed. In food use,in terms of measurement of food resource spectrum in each microhabitats and food spectrum from each species' stomach contents, all of these species tend to forage ephemeral plants that are abundant in the period, which results in similar food preference (preference coefficients mainly within ±0 5) by these desert rodents. In combination with practical observation for activities of each species, the overlap values of three dimensional niche for each paired species were calculated, of them, more than half of these values(0 508～0 840) is over 0 5 of the theory of limiting similarity. For the reason, we consider, this is due to pulsing increase of ephemeral biomass and the lowest population densities of each species from April to June, and thus that causes no significant resource partitioning for these paired species in the community, this situation in the period, therefore, might be called non competitive coexistence. Some divergences in space food resource use among these species in ephemeral existing period were considered to be produced by predation risk. But these differences do not alter the fundamental pattern of resource use in the period.

关 键 词：准噶尔盆地 沙质荒漠 啮齿动物群落 短命植物 

分 类 号：Q958.155[生物学—动物学] Q959.837