黑粒小麦的细胞学及分子生物学鉴定  

Cytological and Molecular Identification of Black Wheat

作　　者：张东阳[1] 李集临[1] 张延明[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《植物研究》2010年第3期332-336,共5页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：黑龙江省重点项目作物基因工程及育种应用的研究(G96B-2-15)

摘　　要：为了创制在小麦上有营养价值和在小麦育种上有利用价值的黑粒小麦,用普通小麦和天蓝偃麦草进行杂交,在杂交后代中选育出种皮为黑色的黑粒小麦10个品系即3-2、3-3、3-4、3-11、3-13、3-33、3-36、3-37、3-39、10-38。本文对这10个品系进行了细胞及分子遗传分析,结果表明:其根尖细胞染色体数多数为42,其花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ细胞多数具有少量的单价体和大量棒状二价体,后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ和四分孢子时期出现少量的落后染色体、染色体桥和微核等现象。这说明天蓝偃麦草染色体导入后影响普通小麦染色体配对。再进一步通过RAPD和SCAR标记进行鉴定,结果表明引物OPF3在3-2、3-3、3-4扩增出Eb染色体组的特异产物,引物P3,P4在3-11、3-13、3-33、3-36、3-39、3-37、10-38扩增出Ee染色体组的特异产物。初步确定10个品系是易位系,是有经济价值和利用价值的遗传材料。Black wheat had very important value in nutrition and wheat breeding,it was crossed by Chinese Spring and Elytrigia intemodium. In hybrid progeny, seed coat of the lines that we chose was stable black. The ten lines were 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-11, 3-13, 3-33, 3-36, 3-37, 3-39 and 10-38. We conducted chromosome variation analysis and moleculor marker identification,the results showed that the diploid chromosome number of the most root-tip cells was 42, there were a few univalents and many bar bivalents in PMC metaphaseⅠ, a little lagging chromosonie, chromosome bridges and micronuleus were found in ana.Ⅰ, ana.Ⅱand tetraspore . Chromosomal abnormalities showed that the chromosome pairing was affected by the induction of E.intemodium chromosonie. Furthermore, we used RAPD and SCAR for identification, the results showed that the molecular marker OPF3 could amplify the specific molecularmarker of Eb genome of black wheat,3-2, 3-3 and 3-4, the molecular marker P3,P4 could amplify the specific molecularmarker of Ee genome of black wheat,3-11, 3-13, 3-33, 3-36, 3-39, 3-37 and 10-38. It can be deduced from the results that the 10 lines are translocation lines which have very important value in production and wheat breeding.

关 键 词：普通小麦 黑粒小麦 天蓝偃麦草 

分 类 号：S512.19[农业科学—作物学] S334