Formations of groundwater hydrogeochemistry in a karst system during storm events as revealed by PCA  

作　　者：YANG PingHeng YUAN DaoXian YUAN WenHao KUANG YingLun JIA Peng HE QiuFang 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China [2]The Karst Dynamics Laboratory, Ministry of Land and Resources, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2010年第14期1412-1422,共11页

基　　金：supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China (Grant Nos.2006BAC01A09 and 2006BAC01A16);National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40672165);Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant Nos. CSTC2007BC7001 and CSTC2009BA0002);Open Foundation of Chongqing Key Laboratory of The Three Gorges Storehouse District Forest Ecology Protects and Restores (Grant No.CKL200802);Fund for Graduate Student of Technologic Innovation in Southwest University (Grant Nos. ky2008001 and kb2009004)

摘　　要：High-frequency samples have been collected at Jiangjia Spring, the outlet of Qingmuguan underground river system (QURS) in Chongqing in late April, 2008. The variations of hydrogeochemical compositions are found responding rapidly to storm events. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 20 variables is employed to interpret the relationships with specific processes that control the groundwater hydrogeochemical formations. Through PCA, 84.961% of the total amount information is extracted to indicate the formations of groundwater hydrogeochemical features in QURS during storm events. The first component separates the soil erosion (i.e., increases in turbidity and concentrations of Al3+, TFe, TMn, Ba2+ and NO2?), and dilution effect (i.e., decreases in specific conductance and concentrations of HCO3?, Ca2+ and Sr2+), accounting for 41.495% of the variability in the data. The second component indicates residual fertilizers and duck’s waste from farmlands (i.e., increases in specific conductance and concentrations of Na+, NO3-, PO43-,K+and Cl-), contributing to 37.449%. The dissolution of dolomite and dolomitic limestone makes up 6.017%. During the first rainfall event, the groundwater quality is mainly affected by residual fertilizers and duck’s waste from farmlands, whereas in the second rainfall event, it is mainly affected by increased turbidity and ionic concentrations caused by soil erosion.High-frequency samples have been collected at Jiangjia Spring, the outlet of Qingmuguan underground fiver system （QURS） in Chongqing in late April, 2008. The variations of hydrogeochemical compositions are found responding rapidly to storm events. Principal component analysis （PCA） of the 20 variables is employed to interpret the relationships with specific processes that control the groundwater hydrogeochemical formations. Through PCA, 84.961% of the total amount information is extracted to indicate the formations of groundwater hydrogeochemical features in QURS during storm events. The first component separates the soil erosion （i.e., increases in turbidity and concentrations of A13~, TFe, TMn, Ba2＋ and NO2 ）, and dilution effect （i.e., decreases in specific conductance and concentrations of HCO3-, Ca2＋ and Sr2＋）, accounting for 41.495% of the variability in the data. The second component indicates residual fertilizers and duck＇s waste from farmlands （i.e., increases in specific conductance and concentrations of Na＋, NO3 , PO43-, K＋and Cl-）, contributing to 37.449%. The dissolution of dolomite and dolomitic limestone makes up 6.017%. During the first rainfall event, the groundwater quality is mainly affected by residual fertilizers and duck＇s waste from farmlands, whereas in the second rainfall event, it is mainly affected by increased turbidity and ionic concentrations caused by soil erosion.

关 键 词：水文地球化学特征 主成分分析 岩溶地下水 化学系统 风暴 氯离子浓度 土壤侵蚀 浓度增加 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] O212.4[天文地球—地质学]