脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺合成工艺研究  

Synthesis Process of Fatty Acid Monoethanolamide

作　　者：冯树波[1,2] 杨配贤[2] 李鸿雁 郑二丽[1] 王春芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学化学与制药工程学院,河北石家庄050018 [2]河北工业大学化工学院,天津300130 [3]河北省产品质量监督检验院,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《化学反应工程与工艺》2010年第1期83-87,共5页Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology

摘　　要：在55℃下以氢氧化钾KOH为催化剂,单乙醇胺和由大豆酸化油制取的混合脂肪酸甲酯为原料合成了环境友好型表面活性剂—脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺。55℃的低温抑制了副反应,得到色泽很浅的产品。分别考察了反应温度、投料比(脂肪酸甲酯与单乙醇胺物质量比)、反应时间和催化剂量(基于脂肪酸甲酯质量)等对合成反应的影响。结果表明,添加一定量的去离子水并进行简单过滤即可将产品混合物中不溶于水的脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺和完全溶于水的原料单乙醇胺有效分离。单乙醇胺水溶液减压蒸馏除去水后可循环使用。在反应温度55℃,投料比为1:5,反应时间4 h和KOH用量1.5%质量分率的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯单程转化率达到98%。结合实验数据提出了酰胺化反应机理。产品经红外光谱分析确定为脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺。An environmentally benign surfactant-fatty acid monoethanolamide was synthezied at a mild temperature of 55 ℃ by the reaction of a mixtured fatty acid methyl esters （biodiesel） and monoethanolamine in the presence of an alkali catalyst potassium hydroxide. The side reaction was inhibited at low temperature of 55 ℃ and a product of light color was obtained. The influence of reaction temperature, feedstock ratio （molar ratio of fatty acid methyl ester to monoethanolamine）,reaction time, and catalyst dosage on the reaction was investigated, respectively. The results showed that effective separation of unsoluble fatty acid monoethanolamide and completely soluble monoethanolamide in product mixtures could be made by adding some amount of a distilled water. Aneasy separation was carried out by simple filtration operation. The monoethanolamide solution could be reused after removing water. Suitable conditions were obtained as follows： reaction temperature 55 ℃, feedstock ratio 1 ： 5, reaction time 4 h, KOH mass fraction 1.5%. Under the conditions, the conversion of fatty acid methyl ester was up to 98%. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on experimental results. The product was characterized by irfrared spectrum.

关 键 词：脂肪酸甲酯 单乙醇胺 脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺 酰胺化 

分 类 号：TQ649[化学工程—精细化工]