不同季节鹅喉羚昼间行为时间分配特征  

Diurnal behavioral time budgets of the Goitered gazelle across seasons in the Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve,Xinjiang

作　　者：夏参军[1,2] 徐文轩[1,2] 乔建芳[1] 杨维康[1] 刘伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《兽类学报》2010年第2期144-150,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-343)

摘　　要：2007年11月至2008年10月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区研究了鹅喉羚的昼间行为时间分配,共观察鹅喉羚有效个体1917只,采集行为数据时间319.5h,将鹅喉羚的昼间行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和"其它"5类。结果表明:春季雌性5种行为分配时间所占比例分别为67.5%、2.5%、2.7%、25.9%、1.4%,雄性分别为63.5%、3.4%、4.3%、27.5%、1.3%;夏季,雌性:43.7%、7.7%、5.6%、42.1%、1.0%;雄性:51.9%、1.7%、3.1%、41.4%、1.9%;秋季,雌性:66.3%、5.1%、4.3%、23.6%、0.7%;雄性:68.9%、6.0%、4.2%、20.7%、0.3%;冬季,雌性:68.0%、5.0%、7.0%、19.6%、0.4%;雄性:29.6%、20.6%、19.2%、29.3%、1.3%。采用卡方检验、秩和检验、方差分析比较同季节不同性别各自行为时间分配、同季节雌雄间行为时间分配、同性别不同季节的行为时间分配。结果表明:四季中雌雄各自5种行为的时间分配均存在显著差异(P>0.05);比较两性间行为时间分配发现,在春夏季,雌雄间各行为时间分配无差异(P>0.05),秋季移动差异显著(P<0.05),而冬季5种行为间均差异显著(P<0.05);季节因素对雌雄行为时间分配的影响显著。鹅喉羚以特定的行为时间分配模式适应季节更替或变化的生理周期,如温度、性别、水分状况、繁殖期、哺乳期等,满足能量及营养需求。The diurnal behaviors （including foraging,moving,vigilance,resting,and others） of Goitered Gazelles Gazella subgutturosa sairensis were observed and the diurnal behavioral time budgets were studied by focal-sampling in the Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve from November 2007 to October 2008. A total of 319.5 hours worth of data were collected. The results show that in spring,female spent 67.5% of their time in foraging,2.5% in moving,2.7% in vigilance,25.9% in resting,1.4% others; males （63.5%、3.4%、4.3%、27.5%、1.3%）. In summer （female：43.7% 、7.7%、5.6%、42.1%、1.0%; male：51.94%、1.7%、3.1%、41.4%、1.9% ）. In fall （female：66.3%、5.1%、4.3%、23.6%、0.7%; male：68.9% 、6.0%、4.2%、20.7%、0.3%）. In winter （female：68.0%、5.0%、7.0%、19.6%、0.4%; male：29.62%、20.6%、19.2%、29.3%、1.3%）. We used Chi-square tests to evaluate differences in the diurnal behaviors of females and males in each season. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the differences of time budgets between females and males in each season. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference of time budgets of both female and male among seasons respectively. The results indicated that all behaviors differed （P0.05） for females and males across the four seasons. In the spring and summer,the time budgets between female and male were not significantly different （P0.05）,only moving differed （P0.05） in the fall,and the differences of all behaviors between female and male in winter were extremely significant （P0.05）. Seasonal influences on the time budgets of both females and males were also significantly different （P0.05）. The Goitered gazelle adapted to seasonal change or to changes in physiological conditions with different behavior time budget patterns,for example：the temperature,the sex,the moisture content condition,the pregnancy stage,the breast-feeding period and so on,to satisfy energy and the nutrition demands.

关 键 词：鹅喉羚 季节 昼间 行为时间分配 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]