重要生态功能区生态安全评价方法初探——以沙漠化防治区为例  

A Preliminary Studyon Ecological Security Assessment Methods for Important Ecological Function Areas: ACase Studyin Desertification Control Regions

作　　者：迟妍妍[1] 饶胜[1] 陆军[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第5期804-809,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2009CB421106);国家自然科学基金(编号:40701065)

摘　　要：重要生态功能区是保障国家和地区生态安全的重要区域,目前尚无针对重要生态功能区的生态安全评价方法研究。本文依托沙漠化防治区建立基于PSR框架的评价指标,以及基于RS与GIS技术的空间评价方法,旨在探索建立一套适用于重要生态功能区生态安全空间评价的可行的评价模式。重要生态功能区生态安全评价的关键是准确衡量区域主要生态服务功能的强弱,指标选择以反映区域主要生态服务功能和人类活动影响为原则。以沙漠化防治区为例,植被生长、土地覆被类型、土壤理化性质和土壤侵蚀等情况是衡量防风固沙功能强弱的重要因素,而指标的动态变化才能反映人类活动对生态环境的影响,选择能够表征植被生长、植被退化演变、土壤粒径和土壤侵蚀的四类因子作为主要评价因子,应用不同年份的变化值进行评价,使评价结果具有空间性、动态性及可操作性,为区域生态环境保护和管理提供基础。Important ecological function areas play a prominent role in protecting primary ecosystem service functions to ensure ecological security in a region and a country.It appears that less work has been done concerning ecological security assessment methods for important ecological function areas.This study made an attempt to establish a set of evaluation modes and criteria for ecological security assessment across important ecological function areas in desertification control regions by constructing an index system based on the Pressure-State-Response（PSR）framework and on a spatial evaluation method relying on remote sensing（RS）and geographic information system（GIS）.The key of ecological security assessment for important ecological function areas is to appropriately measure the strength of primary ecological service functions.Ecological service functions reflect not only the status of ecological security,but also the extent to which human manages and controls ecology.As s result,reflecting primary ecosystem service functions and impacts of human activities on ecology were the principles in the index design.It was considered that vegetation growth,land cover types,soil properties and soil erosion were the most critical factors indicating sand-fixing function over desertification control regions.The four types of major indicators were then constructed,consisting of the index system.These indices contains vegetation growth,change in landscape patterns,soil particle sizes and degree of soil erosion,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（NDVI）, deviation of present landscapes from the original one,fine sand proportion and soil erosion intensity.In addition,pressure and response indicators were selected as auxiliary evaluation factors to evaluate the influence of social pressures and responses on the eco-environment.Since the impact of human activities on ecology was reflected in a dynamic change in such indicators,the authors utilized the NDVI derived from satellite images for different years to retrieve

关 键 词：重要生态功能区 沙漠化防治区 生态安全 评价方法 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]