增强UV-B辐射对小麦细胞有丝分裂影响机制的探讨  

Studies on Effect Metablisms of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on the Wheat Cell Abnormal Motisis

作　　者：高丽美[1] 李永锋[1] 韩榕[1] 杨丽平[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学生命科学学院,山西临汾041004

出　　处：《激光生物学报》2010年第2期158-164,共7页Acta Laser Biology Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(37671061);山西省自然科学基金项目(2008011059-1)

摘　　要：采用10.08 kJ/m^2.d辐射剂量的UV-B辐照处理"晋麦8号"冬小麦种子,待根尖生长至1 cm～2cm长时,对小麦根尖细胞的有丝分裂率以及各类异常分裂现象进行了研究,并进一步探讨了产生异常分裂的细胞生物学机理。结果表明:增强的UV-B辐照能抑制小麦细胞有丝分裂的发生频率,并可诱导小麦根尖细胞产生游离染色体、落后染色体、染色体侨(包括单桥、双桥和三桥染色体)、不均等分裂以及微核染色体等畸变现象。另外,在增强UV-B辐射处理后后的细胞中还深入研究了新型的异常分裂现象—分束分裂,表现为染色体在细胞有丝分裂后期产生三束、四束、六束和七束等染色体束,且均具有一定的发生频率,分别为0.073%、0.153%、0.053%和0.060%而在对照组小麦细胞中没有发现分束分裂现象的发生。同时,通过聚丙烯酰胺疑胶电泳检测和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察发现,与CK组相比,分束分裂细胞中,微管蛋白的组成和微管骨架的形态结构均发生了变化。因此,推测分束分裂现象的发生可能与增强UV-B辐射导致细胞骨架微管系统损伤有关。Motisis and abnormal motisis of the rootstock cell of the wheat （ Triticum aestivum, cv. 9324736） , when about 1 cm -2 cm length, were observed under the condition of the 10.08 kJ/m2 · d uhraviolet-B radiation. The enhanced UV-B significantly increased frequency of chromosomal aberration. Several types of chromosomal aberration such as lagging chromosomes, chromosomes bridge（ single bridge, double bridge, three bridge） , dissociative chromosomes, asymmetric motisis, nuclear aberration occurred in both of the control and the UV-B treatment. In addition, the results showed that the determinate dose of UV-B treatment can cause partition-bundle division, such as three-bundle, four-bundle, six-bundle and seven-bundle in the wheat cell during the anaphase of molisis. Frequency of these new types division was even higer and could reach to 0. 073 % , 0. 153 % , 0. 053 % and 0. 060 %. This phenomenon was called partition-bundle division. However, this abnormal motisis had not found in the control group. At the same time, the cells that being partition-bundle division were observed with SDS-PAGE and laser scanning confocal microscope. It showed that microtuble-protein and of microtuble all changed in these cells. Therefore the metabolism of partition-bundle division is probably caused by cytoskeleton-microtube injure by strengthed UV-B.

关 键 词：UV-B辐射 小麦 分束分裂 激光共聚焦显微镜 微管 

分 类 号：Q253[生物学—细胞生物学]