滴灌模式和灌水下限对甜瓜耗水量和产量的影响  

Effect of Drip Irrigation Model and Irrigation Start Point on Water Consumption and Yield of Sweet Melon

作　　者：王洪源[1] 李光永[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2010年第5期47-51,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAD88B07-3);国家"863"高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2006AA10021301)

摘　　要：以膜下滴灌(MDI)、地表滴灌(DI)和地下滴灌(SDI)3种滴灌模式与4种不同灌水下限组合,在我国西北地区进行了滴灌模式和灌水下限对甜瓜耗水量和产量影响的试验研究。结果表明:同一灌水下限下,MDI较DI平均增产16.0%,较SDI平均增产7.5%,SDI较DI平均增产7.9%,3种滴灌模式的单产均高于当地地面灌溉的单产(40.97 t/hm2);DI耗水量最大(平均239.3 mm),SDI次之(平均217.3 mm),MDI最小(平均193.0 mm)。同一滴灌模式下:伸蔓期灌水下限为60%田间持水量的处理较灌水下限为40%田间持水量的处理平均增产21.0%,耗水量平均增加9.2%;果实膨大期灌水下限为80%田间持水量的处理较灌水下限为70%田间持水量的处理平均增产9.3%,耗水量平均增加6.7%。甜瓜各生育阶段适宜土壤含水率下限(占田间持水量的百分比)分别为:苗期65%,伸蔓和开花坐果期60%,果实膨大期80%,成熟期55%。The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation models（drip irrigation under plastic mulching（MDI）,drip irrigation（DI） and subsurface drip irrigation（SDI）） and irrigation start point on water consumption and yield of sweet melon.The results showed that under the same irrigation start point： MDI increased the yield by 16.0% compared with DI;MDI increased the yield by 7.5% compared with SDI;SDI increased the yield by 7.9% compared with DI.The average water consumption for MDI,SDI and DI were 193.0mm,217.3mm,239.3mm respectively.Under the same drip irrigation model,the treatment of irrigation start point of 60% field capacity in extension vine and flowering fruit stage,yield increased by 21.0% compared with the treatment of 40% field capacity;the treatment of irrigation start point of 80% field capacity in fruitage stage,yield increased by 9.3% compared with the treatment of 70% field capacity.The appropriate irrigation start points（the percentage of field capacity） for the sweet melon were： seedling stage（65%）,extension vine and flowering fruit stage（60%）,fruitage stage（80%）,mature stage（55%）.

关 键 词：甜瓜 滴灌模式 灌水下限 耗水量 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]