菜场夏闲田一季中晚稻耕作栽培模式研究  

Cultivation and planting methods of single-middle-late season rice in summer fallow field of the vegetable farm

作　　者：黄庆[1] 刘怀珍[1] 陆秀明[1] 李康活[1] 周少川[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2010年第3期622-626,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B14);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803028);农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(06-03-07B);广东省财政厅项目;广东省科技厅农业攻关项目(2005B20101001)资助

摘　　要：2006年5～9月在广东省博罗县园洲镇的会达菜场和鸿霖菜场,以"黄华占"水稻为试材,进行一季中晚稻不同耕作方法和不同种植方式的研究,探索稻菜轮作系统的水稻种植省工节本、节能减排与循环利用技术措施。结果表明:耕作方法对水稻产量无显著影响,种植方式中抛秧和插植的产量差异不显著,但比直播显著或极显著增产。耕作方法中,常耕的有效穗数较多、穗粒数较少,免耕、免耕旱管的有效穗数较少、穗粒数较多;不同耕作方法的结实率和千粒重无显著差异。种植方式中,直播的有效穗数最多、穗粒数最少、千粒重最轻,产量最低;抛秧穗数适宜、穗粒数和群体颖花数较多,千粒重较大,产量最高;插植的群体颖花数与直播相近,籽粒充实,产量水平居中。耕作方法和种植方式对产量构成因素有不同的影响,其中对千粒重影响最大,每穗总粒数次之,结实率和有效穗数相对比较稳定。结果表明,一季中晚稻采用常耕、免耕和免耕旱管均可行,采用抛秧或插植的效果比直播好。An experiment was conducted during May to September,2006 on single-middle-late season rice planting and cultivation methods at Huida and Honglin Vegetable Farm in Yuanzhou Town,Boluo County,Guangdong Province.Conventional rice ＂Huanghuazhan＂ was used as the material in the experiment to explore the cost-and labor-saving,environment-friendly cultivation patterns of rice in rice-vegetable rotation system.The results show an insignificant difference in rice yield under different cultivation methods.As for the planting methods,although cast-transplanting and transplanting methods yield similar grain amount,grain yield under the 2 methods is significantly higher than under direct seeding.Among the 3 cultivation methods,conventional tillage produces higher number of effective ears but less grains number per ear.Contrary to conventional tillage,no-tillage and no-tillage without flooding have lower number of effective ears but higher grain number per ear.There exists no significant difference among the 3 cultivation methods in terms of seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.Direct seeding has more effective ears,less per-ear grain,lower 1000-grain weight,and consequently lower yield.Cast-transplanting has reasonable number of effective ears,fairly high grains number per ear,higher spikelet number,and therefore higher 1000-grain weight and yield.Transplanting has similar number of spikelets as direct seeding,but better filled grains,and therefore has medium yield.The experiment suggests that conventional-tillage,no-tillage,and no-tillage without flooding are practicable rice cultivation methods.However,transplanting and cast transplanting are more feasible planting methods than direct seeding of single-middle-late season rice under rice-vegetable rotation cropping system.

关 键 词：稻菜轮作 耕作方法 种植方式 一季中晚稻 产量 

分 类 号：S344.15[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]