地表坡度对坡面溶质随薄层水流迁移特征的影响  

Effect of Slope Gradient on Properties of Solute Transport Process with Shallow Flow

作　　者：王辉[1,2] 郭文康[1] 宁清钱[1] 汤佳浩[1] 仇振杰[1] 李志明[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学工学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2010年第3期360-363,376,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"洞庭湖流域丘陵岗地磷素流失机理及其动力学模拟"(编号:40801107);湖南省大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目"薄层水流水力要素与红壤中化学物迁移量的关系研究"(编号:SCX0908);中国博士后科学基金"黄土坡面土壤磷素随薄层水流迁移机制及动力学模拟"(编号:20090451408)

摘　　要：通过上方来水模拟薄层水流冲刷试验,研究了地表坡度对红壤坡面产流、产沙及非吸附性离子(Br-)迁移过程的影响。结果表明:起始产流时间随地表坡度增大呈递减趋势;坡度对产流规律和产流总量影响并不显著。坡面径流泥沙含量随产流时间呈半正弦波衰减趋势;坡度越大,周期越短,波幅越大;泥沙流失总量与坡度呈幂函数递增关系。薄层水流冲刷作用下坡度对土壤溴迁移特性影响显著;随着坡度增大,径流溴浓度随之增大,溴的流失方式由淋溶损失为主逐步转变为径流流失为主。The experiments simulating shallow flow from upslope were carried out to investigate the effects of slope gradient on runoff, soil erosion processes and the transport processes of non-sorbed chemicals （bromine） on red soil slopes. The results showed that the initial time of runoff decreased with the increase of slope gradient. The influence of slope gradient on the variation rule and total amount of runoff was hardly significant. The variation of sediment concentration with time was the attenuation trend of half sine wave. With the increase of slope gradient, the period became short and the amplitude was magnified. The sediment loss gross amount increased by power function with the increase of slope gradients. The influence of slope gradient on the migration characteristics of soil solute such as bromine was significant with shallow flow scouring. As slope gradient increase, bromide concentration in runoff gradually increased. The predominated leaching loss of bromine on low-angle slopes was gradually transformed into runoff loss on high-angle slopes.

关 键 词：坡度 上方来水 红壤坡面 产流产沙过程 溴离子 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]