汶川地震与唐山地震损失与救助之对比  

Contrast of Disaster Losses Resulted from the Wenchuan and Tangshan Earthquakes and Rescue Actions in These Two Events

作　　者：温玉婷[1,2] 李宁[1,2] 刘雪琴[1,2] 吴吉东[1,2] 张鹏[1,2] 解伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]民政部/教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《灾害学》2010年第2期68-72,111,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"重大气象灾害风险及影响评估技术研发"(2007BAC29B05);国家科技支撑计划课题"重大自然灾害风险防范关键技术研究"(2008BAK50B08)

摘　　要：1976年发生的唐山7.8级地震与2008年发生的汶川8.0级地震,是近年来破坏程度深、影响范围广的两次特大地震灾害,造成的人员伤亡与经济损失都是惨重与巨大的。但是,不同时代背景下,参数相近的两次地震在灾后救援与救助方面却相差甚远,表现在军队人数调动、受伤人口抢救、恢复重建资金投入、国内外援助、保险再保险分担等方面。着重对比了以上几方面后得出结论:在各项应急预案颁布并实施后,我国灾害救援工作更加有序,提高了救援效率;同时,保险与再保险的参与也减轻了政府负担,为灾民自主开展家园的恢复重建提供了便捷与保障。The M7.8 Tangshan earthquake in 1976 and M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 are the two largest earthquakes in recent years,which caused serious damage,wide influence and heavy economic losses and casualties.However,in different times,the two earthquakes with similar parameters are quite different in disaster rescue and relief,such as the number of troops mobilized,the rescue of the injured,the investment for recovery and reconstruction,domestic and foreign aid,as well as the insurance and reinsurance share.From comparison mentioned above,a conclusion is drawn that disaster rescue is more orderly and efficient in our country after the promulgation and implementation of various emergency plans,meanwhile,insurance and reinsurance also reduce the burden on the government and provide convenience and security for victims to carry out the recovery and reconstruction of their home.

关 键 词：汶川8·0级地震 唐山7·8级地震 灾害救援 恢复重建 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]