亚麻叶碱蓬(Suaeda linifolia)的物候及结实格局  

Phenology and Fruit-Set Pattern of Suaeda linifolia

作　　者：张艳敏[1] 魏岩[1] 严成[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2010年第3期187-191,共5页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30660033;30770374);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(CET-05-0898);草业科学国家重点学科资助项目

摘　　要：亚麻叶碱蓬的整个生活史为8个月,从种子萌发到现蕾的完全营养生长期与其生殖生长期时间接近持平,约各占整个生活周期的1/2。亚麻叶碱蓬由3朵花在叶腋形成聚头状花序,聚头状花序在分枝上形成穗状花序,聚头状花序位于中间位置的花先开,开放后10～15 d,两侧花开放。中央花形成黑色果实,于花后1个月果实陆续成熟;两侧花形成褐色果实,花后子房发育长期停滞,于9月底10月初集中成熟。褐色果实和黑色果实在颜色、大小、质量上均有差异,着生方式均为直立。两种种子在4个温变周期(2℃/15℃,10℃/20℃,15℃/25℃,25℃/30℃,暗/光=12 h/12 h)下萌发率不同,褐色种子的萌发率显著高于黑色种子的萌发率,但两种种子的萌发率均小于80%,说明两种种子都存在生理休眠。低温层积处理能显著提高褐色种子和黑色种子的萌发率,褐色种子低温层积处理8周后萌发率大于95%,黑色种子处理16周后萌发率最高为71%,表明两种种子休眠程度不同。Life history of Suaeda linifolia is eight months. The reproductive growth phase is the same as the vegetative growth phase which is four months. The reproductive growth and the vegetative growth period take up about 1/2 of their life histories respectively. The gregarious flower head of S. Linifolia is made of three flowers which is from axillae. The flower head forms spike on the branch. Flowers in the middle of the flower head bloom earlier than that on both sides by 10--15 days, and the former grow into black fruit which incessantly matures and diffuses after one month; the latter grow into brown fruit mass which matures and diffuses at the end of September or at the beginning of October. The ovary growth of the latter is at a standstill permanently after bloom. The two types of fruit differ in color,size and quality, but the two types of fruit are vertical utricle to the branch. The seeds of S. linifolia are germinated for 30 d in difficulty with a 12 h photoperiod and 12 h thermoperiods （dark/light） of 2℃/15 ℃,10 ℃/20℃, 15℃/25℃ and 25 ℃/30℃. The germination of brown seeds was much higher than that of black seeds. The results indicate that two types of seeds have physiological dormancy. The cold stratification could increase significantly. The germination percentage of the brown seeds treated with lower temperature for 8 weeks were increased by more than 95%; the germination percentage of the black seeds treated for 16 weeks were increased by 71%,which suggests that two types of seeds have different physiological dormancy.

关 键 词：亚麻叶碱蓬 物候 种子多型性 结实格局 萌发对策 

分 类 号：Q949.745.1[生物学—植物学]