农业土壤氧化亚氮排放模型研究进展  

Models of N_2O Emission from Agricultural Fields:A Review

作　　者：廖千家骅 颜晓元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2010年第5期817-825,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q1-07)

摘　　要：农业土壤产生的氧化亚氮气体(N2O)是重要人为N2O源。农业土壤N2O排放模型众多,根据模型建立方法的不同,可分为过程机理模型和经验模型。为探讨产生N2O的具体过程(硝化过程和反硝化过程)和关键因子,着重介绍了DNDC、DAYCENT、Ecosys、WNMM等机理过程模型,指出尽管各个模型的N循环过程类似,但不同侧重因子造成N2O排放量不同,并列出不同模型的特点和应用现状。对目前应用得比较广泛的经验统计模型,如经验归纳模型、回归模型以及其他统计模型等,归纳了其特点并介绍了国内外研究进展。通过对比过程机理模型和经验统计模型的优缺点,指出前者参数较多、过程复杂,用于点位模拟准确度高,后者所需参数少,适用区域范围模拟,点位模拟结果不确定性差。在此基础上指出区域N2O模拟排放量和排放特性将是以后发展的重点方向,并提出区域模拟关键问题的解决方向。Agricultural soil is a major anthropogenic source of N2O,an important greenhouse gas.Models estimating N2O emission from agricultural fields were grouped into process-based mechanistic models and empirical-statistical models.In this paper,we briefly introduced the characteristics of some commonly used mechanistic models,such as DNDC,DAYCENT,Ecosys,WNMM,and the major factors that controlled the nitrification and denitrification processes.In China,DNDC has been widely used at site simulation,regional simulation,while others,for instance,DAYCENT and Ecosys,were scarcely applied.Three types of empirical-statistical models have also been widely used for regional or national estimation of N2O emission from uplands and rice paddies.We compared the advantages and disadvantages of the two groups of N2O emission model.The process-mechanism models with more input parameters and complicated N-cycle processes is proper in site simulation while the empirical-statistical models with less input parameters is usually used in regional simulation because of its high uncertainty in site simulation.Combined with GIS,regional simulation of N2O emissions and corresponding emission characteristics are research hotspots and trends.We also discussed the direction of how to solve the key problems in regional simulation.

关 键 词：氧化亚氮 农业土壤 机理过程模型 经验统计模型 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]