氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收特性及稻米品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen management practices on nutrition uptake and grain qualities of rice

作　　者：潘圣刚[1] 翟晶[1,2] 曹凑贵[1] 蔡明历[1] 王若涵[1] 黄胜奇[1] 李进山 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物栽培与生理生态研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [2]江西省烟叶科学研究所,江西南昌330029 [3]随州市农业技术推广中心,湖北随州441300

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第3期522-527,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A02)资助

摘　　要：以水稻品种扬两优6号为材料,研究了田间条件氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,高氮处理(N240)成熟期氮素积累总量、磷素积累总量和钾素积累总量分别比中氮(N150)和低氮处理(N0)增加了21.5%、18.5%1、8.3%和134.6%、127.0%和82.7%;产量增加了10.4%和39.6%。在相同氮素水平下,采用B种施肥比例(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗粒肥=30%∶20%∶50%),水稻成熟期氮素积累总量比A处理(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗粒肥=40%∶30%∶30%)增加了15.4%,产量提高了7.3%。在高氮处理(N240)条件下,采用B施肥比例,蛋白质含量显著提高,直链淀粉显著降低,但提高了稻米的垩百度而使稻米外观品质变劣。Effects of nitrogen management practices on nutrition uptake and grain qualities of rice were examined using a rice cultivar,Yanglianyou 6,in a field study.The nitrogen fertilizer was applied in three splits,namely,40% as basal,30% at 10 days after transplanting（DAT） and 30% at 36 DAT（4030-30）,and 30% as basal,20% at 10 DAT and 50% at 36 DAT（30-20-50）,and the N application rates were set to N 0,150 and 240 kg/ha,expressed as N0,N150 and N240,respectively.Compared to the N150 and N0 treatments,total nitrogen accumulation（TNA）,total phosphorus accumulation（TPA） and total potassium accumulation（TKA） of the N240 treatment at maturity stage are increased by 21.5%,18.5%,18.3% and 134.6%,127.0%,82.7%,and rice yields are increased by 10.4% and 39.6%,respectively.Under the same nitrogen application rate,TNA and yield of the 30-2050 split are 15.4% and 7.3% higher than those of the 40-3030 split at the maturity stage.The grain protein of rice is improved significantly;while grain amylose content is decreased,and the quality of appearance is worsen due to the improvement of chalkyness of grain under the N240 treatment with the 302050 split.

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 养分吸收 品质 水稻 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]