锌离子活度对水稻产量及子粒锌含量的影响及基因型差异  

Genotypic difference in rice yield and zinc partitioning in rice grain response to different Zn^(2+) activities

作　　者：万吉丽[1] 王人民[1] 孟杰[1] 付力成[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第3期605-611,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471021)资助

摘　　要：试验采用HEDTA螯合缓冲营养液培养法,选用子粒含锌量有明显差异的两个水稻基因型(碧玉早糯和浙农921),采用4种锌离子活度(pZn2+9.7,10.3,11.0,11.4),研究了锌离子活度对水稻产量和子粒锌积累、分配与子粒品质的影响及基因型差异。结果表明,锌离子活度通过对水稻有效穗数、每穗颖花数、结实率和千粒重的影响而显著影响水稻单株产量,其中影响最大的是单株有效穗数,其次是每穗颖花数,而对结实率的影响相对较小,但均存在明显的基因型差异。锌离子活度显著影响水稻子粒锌含量,随锌离子活度下降,水稻子粒含锌量降低,当锌离子活度低于pZn2+10.3时,两基因型水稻的含锌量均显著降低,但基因型间存在明显差异。不论在何种锌离子活度下,碧玉早糯的子粒含锌量均显著高于浙农921。从子粒锌分配看,颖壳、糙米、精米锌含量均随着锌离子活度提高而提高,当pZn2+从10.3升高到9.7时,碧玉早糯的糙米和精米锌含量开始降低,颖壳锌含量则开始超过糙米的锌含量继续升高;而浙农921糙米和精米锌含量的升高幅度较颖壳锌含量小。不同锌离子活度下,糙米和精米锌含量的比值在0.790~.90之间变化,并以pZn2+为9.7时为最小。因此,通过筛选子粒富锌水稻品种来提高稻米锌含量经济可行;通过增加环境锌离子活度,改善水稻的锌营养能显著提高水稻子粒的锌含量。Two rice genotypes which are different in zinc content（Biyuzaonuo and Zhenong 921） were cultivated at different Zn^2＋ activities（pZn^2＋ l1.4,l1.0,10.3 and 9.7） in chelator-buffered nutrient solutions.The rice yield,quality and zinc partitioning in grain response to different Zn^2＋ activities and the genotypic differences were studied.The results show that different Zn^2＋ activities have significant effects on rice yield per plant through effective panicles per plant,spikelet numbers per panicles,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.Effective panicles per plant is mostly affected,spikelet numbers per panicles is less,and the effect on seed setting rate is relatively little,while they are in obvious differences between the two genotypes.Different Zn^2＋ activities also have significant effects on grain zinc contents.The zinc content in grain is decreased with the decreasing of Zn2＋ activity and the decrease is significant when Zn^2＋ activity is lower than 10.3,and the zinc content in Biyuzaonuo is much higher than that in Zhenong 921 at any Zn^2＋ activities.From the distribution of grain zinc,the zinc contents in grain hull,brown rice and milled rice are increased with the increase of Zn^2＋ activity.When pZn2＋ is increased from 10.3 to 9.7,the zinc contents in brown rice and milled rice of Biyuzaonuo are decreased,while that in grain hull is increased and much higher than that in brown rice,and for Zhenong 921,the zinc content in grain hull is higher too.The zinc ratio of brown rice to milled rice is from 0.79 to 0.90,and the ratio is the smallest when pZn^2＋ is 9.7.In conclusion,it is a cost-effective way to improve zinc in rice by selecting zinc-rich rice genotypes,and the improvement of zinc nutrition by increasing Zn2＋ activity can also improve zinc content in rice grain.

关 键 词：水稻 基因型 锌离子活度 产量 锌含量 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S143.72