控释复合肥对冷季型草坪氨挥发和硝态氮淋洗的影响  

Effects of controlled release compound fertilizer on ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching in cool-season turfgrass system

作　　者：许俊香[1] 谷佳林[1] 边秀举[2] 倪小会[1] 杨俊刚[1] 李会彬[2] 曹兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]河北农业大学草坪研究所,河北保定071001

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第3期675-680,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：北京市科技新星计划项目(2005B37);北京市科委新型肥料产业化科技保障建设项目(D0706004040131)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了控释复合肥、常规施肥、市售草坪专用肥对冷季型草坪氨挥发和硝态氮淋洗的影响。氨挥发采用通气密闭法收集测定,硝态氮利用土壤溶液提取器收集淋洗液然后进行测定。结果表明,常规施肥处理的氨挥发量为47.7 kg/hm2（占年施氮量的18.3%）,显著高于控释复合肥处理（氨挥发损失为2.9 kg/hm^2,占年施氮量的1.1%）和市售草坪专用肥处理（氨挥发损失为4.1 kg/hm^2,占年施氮量的1.6%）。施氮不同程度增加了淋洗液中硝态氮的浓度,3种氮肥的硝态氮淋洗程度不同。0—50 cm土层,淋洗液的硝态氮浓度范围分别是：控释复合肥处理1.16-0.7 mg/L,常规施肥处理1.21-0.1 mg/L,市售草坪专用肥处理1.51-6.7 mg/L;0—100 cm土层,淋洗液的硝态氮浓度范围分别是：控释复合肥处理1.15~.7 mg/L,常规施肥处理1.11-2.5 mg/L,市售草坪专用肥处理1.16-0.2 mg/L。综上所述,控释复合肥降低了冷季型草坪氨挥发损失和硝态氮的淋洗,表现出明显的环境效益,是一种有应用前景的新型肥料。Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different N types（including controlled release compound fertilizer（PCF）,urea（U） and special turfgrass fertilizer（SF）） on ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching in a cool-season turfgrass system.Ammonia volatilization was measured by using the enclosure method,and nitrate leaching was measured by using the soil solution extractor method.Results showed that ammonia volatilization amount of the U treatment was 47.7 kilogram per hectare（18.3% of the applied N）,which was significantly higher than those of the PCF（2.9 kilogram per hectare,1.1 % of the applied N） and SF treatments（4.1 kilogram per hectare,1.6% of the applied N）.N application increased the concentration of nitrate in the soil solution.In 050 cm soil depth,NO-3-N concentration of the PCF,U and SF treatments were 1.1-6.7 mg/L,1.210.1 mg/L and 1.5-16.7 mg/L,respectively,while in 0100 cm soil depth,the corresponding values were 1.1-5.7 mg/L, 1.1-12.5 mg/L and 1.1-6.2 mg/L,respectively.In conclusion,in comparison to urea and special turfgrass fertilizer,controlled release compound fertilizer can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching,showing an enormous ecological and environmental benefit.Thus,it is a new potential fertilizer which will bring prospects of application.

关 键 词：控释复合肥 冷季型草坪 氨挥发 硝态氮淋洗 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]