不同施肥制度对双季稻氮吸收、净光合速率及产量的影响  

Effects of different fertilization on nitrogen uptake,net photosynthesis rate and yield of rice

作　　者：王卫[1,2] 谢小立[1] 谢永宏[1] 陈惟财 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所、亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]惠州大亚湾经济技术开发区科学发展研究中心,广东惠州516081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第3期752-757,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家“973”计划项目(2005CB121106)资助

摘　　要：利用稻田长期施肥制度定位试验,研究了不同施肥处理对水稻氮素吸收、净光合速率及产量的影响。有机物还田能显著促进水稻分蘖、提高有效穗数和叶面积指数。只施用NPK,在分蘖后早稻叶片氮含量急剧下降,与早稻相比,而晚稻的穗肥促进了后期的氮吸收。在CK和施加NPK的基础上秸秆还田明显改善水稻中后期的氮吸收,但对晚稻的效应明显低于对早稻的效应。各处理的叶片以及稻穗氮含量晚稻明显低于早稻。叶片氮含量与叶片净光合速率成显著(早稻r=0.664*)或极显著正相关(晚稻r=0.704**),这说明叶片氮含量缺乏降低了叶片光合能力。有机物还田增产效果显著,在中等施肥水平时,有机物还田可以代替1/3以上的NPK投入。The effects of different fertilization on nitrogen uptake,net photosynthesis rate and yield of rice were studied in a long-term positioned fertilization experimental field.The results show that the number of tillers,panicles per unit area,LAI,and grain yield of rice are obviously increased under the organic materials returning fertilization.Under the NPK fertilization,the content of nitrogen in leaves is declined sharply after the tillering stage of early rice,while the earing fertilization of late rice could increase the nitrogen uptake in the late period.Organic materials returning fertilization could improve nitrogen uptake in the mid-late period.But the effect on early rice is obviously better than that on late rice.The contents of nitrogen in leaves and grains of early rice are higher than those of late rice.There is a significantly positive correlation between net photosynthetic rate and content of nitrogen in leaves（early rice,r=0.664;late rice r=0.704）,which indicates that the lack of nitrogen in leaves could decrease the net photosynthetic capacity.Organic materials returning fertilization could significantly improve the yield of rice.At middle level of fertilizing,organic materials returning fertilization could reduce more than 1/3 of NPK using.

关 键 词：施肥 氮吸收 净光合速率 产量 

分 类 号：S511.42.062[农业科学—作物学]