鄱阳湖流域不同农业利用方式下的氮磷输出特征  

Transportation Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Various Land-uses in the Poyan Lake Watershed

作　　者：余进祥[1] 赵小敏[1] 吕琲 刘娅菲 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,农业部双季稻生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省农业环境监测站,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2010年第2期394-402,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960186)

摘　　要：定点监测2008年鄱阳湖流域水田、水旱轮作、旱地、菜地、桔园、脐橙园和茶园等优势农业利用方式的田间降雨量、径流量及氮、磷的输出形态和负荷,分析不同农业利用方式的氮、磷输出特征和年输出负荷。结果表明:鄱阳湖流域不同农业利用方式中,水旱轮作、旱地、脐橙园、水田、菜地、桔园和茶园等农业利用方式的总氮年输出总负荷分别为45.3,44.8,42.3,39.7,35.8,25.7,20.0kg/hm2,其中基础输出负荷分别为34.9,30.6,31.2,29.9,21.6,17.8,13.1kg/hm2,本年度输出负荷分别为10.4,14.2,11.1,9.8,14.2,8.0,6.9kg/hm2;总磷年输出总负荷分别为4.7,16.4,25.6,7.8,11.7,18.8,3.1kg/hm2,其中基础输出负荷分别为2.9,8.8,7.0,8.0,5.4,5.0,1.6kg/hm2,本年度输出负荷分别为1.7,7.6,18.7,2.5,6.7,10.8,1.5kg/hm2。颗粒态氮和颗粒态磷是农田地表径流水相氮、磷输出的主要形态,分别占84.1%～90.3%和78.7%～92.2%,但其输出比例都低于人工降雨模拟的研究结果。The nutrients transportation characteristics in various land-uses were analyzed by monitoring precipitation,runoff,nutrient load and transportation form in the Poyan Lake watershed in 2008.As far as the load of TN was concerned,the total transportation loads of TN in paddy-arid rotation,orange orchard,paddy land,arid land,vegetable land,mandarin orchard and tea garden,were 45.3,44.8,42.3,39.7,35.8,25.7,and 20.0 kg/（hm^2·year）,respectively.Meanwhile,the basic transportation loads were 34.9,30.6,31.2,29.9,21.6,17.8,and 13.1 kg/（hm^2·year）,respectively,the transportation loads from fertilization were 10.4,14.2,11.1,9.8,14.2,8.0,and 6.9 kg/（hm^2·year）,respectively.As far as the load of TN was concerned,the total transportation loads of TP in those land-uses were 4.7,16.4,25.6,7.8,11.7,18.8,and 3.1 kg/（hm^2·year）,respectively.Meanwhile,the basic transportation loads were 2.9,8.8,7.0,8.0,5.4,5.0 and 1.6 kg/（hm^2·year）,respectively,the transportation loads from fertilization were 1.7,7.6,18.7,2.5,6.7,10.8 and 1.5 kg/（hm^2·year）,respectively.The particle nitrogen（PN） and the Particle phosphorus（PP） were the main nutrient transportation forms in agricultural runoff,accounting for 84.1%～90.3% of TN and 78.7%～92.2% of TP which were less than those of artificial rainfall simulation trials.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖流域 农业利用方式 氮 磷 输出特征 输出负荷 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]