内蒙古地区沙尘暴的分布特征  

Distribution Characteristics of Sandstorms in Inner Mongolian Area

作　　者：康玲 孙鑫 侯婷 沈建国[2] 郭瑞清[3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区气象台,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]山东省气象局,山东省济南250031 [3]内蒙古生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2010年第2期400-406,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40765001);科技部社会公益研究专项(2005DIB3J108)共同资助

摘　　要：使用1995—2007年13a内蒙古地区118个地面测站的沙尘暴、能见度、风速风向观测资料,确定了不同范围、不同强度沙尘暴标准,给出了特强、强、次强和弱沙尘暴日的个例谱;对地理分布、时间分布、气象要素分布特征进行分析。结果表明,近13a内蒙古地区有5个沙尘暴多发中心,强和特强有两个高发区。年变化显著,1995年沙尘暴开始减少,1999年开始增加,2001年达到最多,之后开始减少,2003年沙尘暴次数最少,2004年开始呈波动增加趋势。在一年内,沙尘暴、强和特强沙尘暴集中出现在春季的3—5月,4月最多,沙尘暴下旬相对集中,上、下旬是大、小范围强和特强沙尘暴易发时段。3—5月,平均地面气温高于5℃,平均地面相对湿度低于40%的地区是沙尘暴多发区。The 13-years observation data （from 1995 to 2007） of sandstorm,visibility,wind speed and direction from 118 ground survey stations in Inner Mongolian area were used to configure the standards for sandstorms in different ranges and with different intensities.Besides,every single spectrum of extra-heavy,heavy,sub-heavy and weak sandstorm was provided,and the characteristics of dust-storm space-time distribution and climate factors distribution were analyzed.In these 13 years,In Inner Mongolian area there were 5 centers where sandstorms frequently occurred,and two centers where extra-heavy and heavy sandstorms occurred.The frequency of sandstorms varied remarkably from year to year.The number of annual days decreased from 1995,increased from 1999 and reached the maximum in 2001,again decreased since then and reached the minimum in 2003,and it fluctuated with increasing tendency from 2004.During a year,sandstorm,heavy one and extra-heavy one happened frequently in March,April and May of spring,with most in April.For every month,sandstorms mostly occurred in the third ten days,and the extra-heavy and heavy sandstorms,also the small scale and larger scale ones frequently occurred in the first and third ten days.Sandstorms frequently occurred in areas where the average ground temperature is higher than 5 ℃ and the average ground relative humidity is lower than 40% during the period from March to May.

关 键 词：内蒙古地区 沙尘暴 强和特强沙尘暴 标准 特征 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]