玉米雌、雄穗与叶片内几种激素含量的比较  

Changes of Plant Hormones in Inflorescence During Sex Determination in Maize

作　　者：赵德刚[1] 韩玉珍[1] 傅永福[1] 国凤利[1] 孟繁静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生物学院,北京100094

出　　处：《植物生理学报（0257-4829)》1999年第1期57-65,共9页Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica

基　　金：攀登计划;国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：以甜玉米为材料，采用扫描电镜观察雌、雄花序发育过程，并用ＥＬＩＳＡ 和ＨＰＬＣ 检测雌、雄花序发育过程中内源激素（ｉＰＡｓ 、ＺＲｓ、ＤＨＺＲｓ、ＺＴ、ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ３） 和内源玉米赤霉烯酮（ｚｅａｒａｌｅｎｏｎｅ， ＺＥＮ） 含量，分析激素含量变化与玉米性别决定的关系。结果表明：玉米花序经过了无性、双性到单性的发育过程，在茎尖伸长和小穗原基突起时期，雄花序中内源ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ、ＧＡ３ 和ＺＥＮ 含量最高并高于雌花序；在玉米性别决定的关键时期，即花器官原基突起到雌、雄性器官选择退化阶段，雄花序中ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ、ＺＴ 和ＺＥＮ 含量明显增加并高于雌花序，此时在两种花序中的ＧＡ３ 含量差异不明显。正常果穗上、中、下不同部位果穗内源ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ、ＺＴ、ＧＡ３ 和ＺＥＮ 含量无明显差异，顶端小穗雄性化的果穗顶部内源ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ、ＺＴ、ＧＡ３ 和ＺＥＮ 含量急剧增加。这些结果说明高水平的细胞分裂素、ＧＡ３ 和ＺＥＮ 可能有利于玉米雄性器官的发育。The morphogenesis of sexual organs in inflorescence of sweet corn was observed by using SEM, and the contents of iPAs, ZRs, DHZRs, zearalenone (ZEN), GA 3, ZT and IAA in maize plant were detected by using ELISA and HPLC separately. The results showed that the development of flowers of both sexes passed through asexual, bisexual and unisexual stages. The contents of iPAs, ZRs, GA 3 and ZEN in tassels were significantly higher than in ears during the elongation of meristem and spikelet initiation. At the stages of transition from bisexual to unisexual, the contents of iPAs, ZRs, ZT and ZEN but GA 3 in tassels increased and were higher than in ears (Figs.2～4, 6～8). There were no differences of contents of iPAs, ZRs, ZT, GA 3 or ZEN between the base, middle and top parts of a normal ear; however, their contents increased sharply towards the top of an ear in which sex modification occuried (Plate Ⅰ, Fig.10). The results suggested that the high contents of cytokinins and zearalenone in inflorescence may be advantageous to the development of male flowers in maize.

关 键 词：性别决定 植物激素 玉米赤霉烯酮 玉米 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]