功能语类的移位性特征与话题/主语优先的类型学差异——以英语there-be存现句和汉语领主属宾句的推导生成为例  

Movement Features on Functional Categories versus Typological Differences on Topic/Subject Prominence—Taking Examples of the Syntactic Derivations of English There-be Existential Construction and Chinese Unaccusative Construction of Possessive-subject and

作　　者：马志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学语言及应用语言学研究中心,广东广州510402

出　　处：《天津外国语学院学报》2010年第3期15-27,共13页Journal Of Tianjin Foreign Studies University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(09BYY034);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(08JC740010);教育部社科规划项目(09YJA740027)

摘　　要：英汉语的类型学差异源于功能语类上的移位性特征。英语主语的优先性源于功能语类T上EPP特征的必选性,因此必须先把主格名词置于动词词组之外的论元位置(spec-TP),而汉语话题的优先性则源于功能语类C上EF特征的必选性,因此先要把任何可作话题的有定成分移动到动词词组之外的非论元位置(spec-CP)。EF特征对于英语的功能语类C来说具有可选性,而EPP特征对于汉语的功能语类T来说具有可选性。基于不同探针可以同时探测的主张,汉语领主句内部构造的常态是显性话题+隐性主语,属于多重判断,而英语存现句表达的认知行为单一,只能是隶属简单判断的显性主语句。The typological differences between English and Chinese can be traced back to movement features on functional categories. The priority of subject - prominent in English is due to the obligatory presence of EPP feature on functional category T, thus requiring the nominative nouns to move to the argument position out of VP （spec -TP） ,whereas the priority of topic -prominent in Chinese is due to the obligatory presence of EF feature on functional category C, thus requiring the definite nouns to move to non - argument position out of VP （spec - CP）. EF feature is optionally specified on functional category C in English , whereas EPP feature is optionally specified on functional category T in Chinese. Based on the assumption of simultaneous probing of different probes, Chinese unaccusative construction of possessive - subject and possessum -object by nature expresses multiple -judgment with the internal configuration of topic with overt spell - out ＋ subject with null spell - out, whereas English existential there - be construction implicates such cognitive behavior as expressing simple judgment with a subject spelled out without topic.

关 键 词：汉语领主句 英语存现句 移位性特征 话题/主语突出 探针-目标一致关系 

分 类 号：H314.3[语言文字—英语]