论固氮植物在山区农业持续发展中的应用  

Potential of nitrogen fixing plants for sustainable mountain agricultural development

作　　者：唐亚[1] 陈克明[1] 谢嘉穗[1] 孙辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所

出　　处：《地理研究》1999年第1期73-78,共6页Geographical Research

摘　　要：对固氮植物在山区的应用潜力及前景进行了讨论。固氮植物不仅可以用于改善土壤肥力和保持水土，还可以为山区提供大量的木本饲料；在提高土壤肥力方面，详细阐明了应用多年生木本固氮植物提高土壤肥力的新原理和新思路；论述了植物篱、生物梯田的水土保持作用、建立生物梯田的方法及其与传统人工梯田相比的优越性。认为发展多年生木本固氮植物在山区水土保持、坡耕地土壤肥力改善、荒坡荒山的治理、木本饲料和薪炭林的发展及在恢复山区退化生态系统方面都有着广阔的前景。China is a mountainous country with about 70% of its terrestrial land being mountainous. Increasing population pressure and environmental and land degradation have forced farmers to expanded agriculture to steep sloping lands. Mountainous regions in China are rich in natural resources and have been the resources bases for water supply, timber, herbs, and other natural products. Mountain agriculture will become crucial for the food security of China in the coming century considering diminution in agriculatural land and expanding ubanisation. Use of nitrogen fixing plants in soil fertility improvement has a long history in China. But they areusually only used in intercropping or rotation and green manure plantation. Potential use of nitrogen fixing plants and its prospect for a sustainable agricultural development in the mountainous region are discussed, including using nitrogen fixing plants for soil fertility improvement, soil and water conservation, woody fodder, pulp and fuelwood supply. For soil fertility improvement, besides the traditional application, new concept and philosophy of using perennial woody nitrogen plants to improve soil fertility are introduced and discussed in detail. For soil and water conservation, biological terrace (bioterrace) concept, how to establish bioterrace, its advantages over the traditional bench terrace are discussed. Since forage in China mostly means herbaceous grasses only, development of perennial and woody nitrogen fixing plants as fodder as a potential direction in the rehabilitation of degraded mountain ecosystem has also been discussed.

关 键 词：固氮植物 植物篱 山区农业 持续发展 农业发展 

分 类 号：S157.433[农业科学—土壤学] F323[农业科学—农业基础科学]