西伯利亚鲟性腺早期发生、分化、发育的组织学观察  

Histological observation on early development and differentiation of gonad in Siberian sturgeon,Acipenser baerii

作　　者：田美平[1,2] 庄平[1,2] 张涛[1] 颜世伟[1,3] 章龙珍[1] 刘婷[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业资源及生态重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]大连水产学院生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2010年第3期496-506,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2008AA10Z227);农业科技成果转化资金项目(2008GB23260408);浙江省重大科技专项(2007C12026);上海市教育委员会E-研究院建设项目(E03009);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2007M01)

摘　　要：利用组织学方法研究人工繁育、养殖的西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)仔、幼、成鱼性腺发育过程中原始生殖细胞(Primordial germ cells,PGC)的迁移,生殖褶的生成,性腺雌雄分化和发育过程。结果表明,西伯利亚鲟于3dph(Days post-hatch)时,PGC以单细胞的形式存在于仔鱼卵黄囊上方两中肾管之间,10dph时其迁移到背侧的腹膜上皮上,13dph时其沿腹膜上皮朝肾管区下方迁移,22dph时生殖嵴形成,31dph时原始性腺形成,40～60dph时原始性腺发育形成裂腔,PGCs沿腔壁排列,裂腔经过进一步发育并从背离腹膜上皮的底端慢慢愈合成实体,90dph时原始性腺中出现生殖上皮和性细胞,150dph时脂肪细胞和血管增多,210dph时性腺出现2种不同的表面结构,性腺开始分化。本研究利用组织学方法借鉴鱼类性腺分期标准,将西伯利亚鲟性腺分化划分为0期和Ⅰ～Ⅵ期,并描述了各期精巢、卵巢的结构变化以及细胞形态学特征。Siberian sturgeon（Acipenser baerii）is an important cultured fish species in China recently due to its commercial value in caviar producing.Therefore,sex control and production of female populations are very important to commercial sturgeon aquaculture.Generally,artificial sex reversal is achieved through exogenous hormone treatment or chromosome manipulation in aquaculture.In many teleost fish,it is possible to induce sex reversal through the administration of exogenous sex steroids during the period of gonadal differentiation.However, it is difficult to determine the appropriate time to initiate the treatment,because physiological differentiation of the gonad precedes morphological differentiation.In this study,origin,migration of primordial germ cells（PGCs） and gonadal differentiation were investigated with histological method in cultured Siberian sturgeon fries and juveniles. Fertilized eggs were incubated under tenperature o（f18±04）℃.Fish of different developmental stages were sampled periodically after hatching.All fish samples or gonads were fixed with Bouin’s fluid.Slices were made and observed under microscope.The results indicated that PGC was first observed below nephridium area,posterior to the yolk sac at 3 day post-hatch（dph）,and was visible along dorsal epithelium of body cavity at 10 dph,and migrated along peritoneal epithelium in the region between mesentery and kidney at 13 dph.Genital ridges appeared at 22 dph, and PGCs immigrated into the genital ridges and formed primordial gonads at 31 dph.A split cavity appeared in primordial gonads at 40-60 dph.Germ cell and germinal epithelium appeared at 90 dph.Blood vessels and lipocytes were observed in primordial gonads at 150 dph,and two types of gonads were distinguishable at 210 dph.Through histological observation,bisexual gonad could be devided into 0 andⅠ-Ⅵstages according to the development of sperm and ovum.The structural changes and cytomorphology characteristics of every stage gonad were described.

关 键 词：西伯利亚鲟 原始生殖细胞 性腺发育 性腺分化 组织学 

分 类 号：Q959.461[生物学—动物学]