山东沿海中国蛤蜊的繁殖生物学特性  

Reproductive characteristics of clam(Mactra chinensis)along coast of Shandong Province

作　　者：杨林[1] 李琪[1] 闫红伟[1] 孔令锋[1] 于瑞海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛26603

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2010年第3期514-520,共7页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2007AA09Z433);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09A01)

摘　　要：本研究于自2008年4月至2009年3月对中国山东海阳沿海中国蛤蜊(Mactra chinensis)的繁殖周期及其与环境因子(温度、盐度和叶绿素a含量)的关系进行了研究。山东沿海的中国蛤蜊全年只有1个繁殖周期,可分为6个时期:休止期,形成期、增殖期、成熟期、排放期、耗尽期。组织学观察显示,配子发育周期分为2个明显的阶段:11月至翌年2月的休止期和包括配子形成、成熟和排放的性腺发育期。该地区中国蛤蜊雌雄配子的发育时间基本同步,配子发生均始于3月,大部分个体在6月至7月成熟,8月雌雄配子大规模排放。中国蛤蜊的卵母细胞直径呈显著的周年变化(P<0.05),从3月开始增加,7月达最大值。随着产卵的发生,卵径逐渐减小,至11月降至最低。条件指数在配子发生期开始增大,成熟期达到最高值,产卵后减小。Clam Mactra chinensis classified as Mactriidae is widely distributed in coastal waters of China,Japan,and the Korean Peninsula,inhabiting from intertidal to sand bottoms.With rapid growth rate and growing market demand, M.chinensis has become a commercially important species and possesses enormous potential for aquaculture.It is necessary to understand the reproductive knowledge of M.chinensis to promote its artificial culture.In this study,we investigated reproductive cycle of M.chinensis and the relationship between the reproductive cycle and environmental conditions from April 2008 to March 2009 in Haiyang,Shandong Province of China.From histological gonad slices stained with haematoxylin aneosine,a gametogenic scale could be divided into six stages：（0）Inactive;（I）Early active;（II）Developing;（III）Ripe;（IV）Spawning;（V）Spent.According to histological analysis,the reproductive cycle of M.chinensis comprised two phases：resting phase（from November to February）and gametogenesis,including ripeness and spawning during the rest of the year.During gonad maturation,synchronism between males and females was observed and gametes of both sexes were spawned at about the same time.Histological evidence showed that the gametogenesis of M.chinensis began in March when the water temperature was 7℃.After rapid growth in April and May,most M.chinensis matured from June to July and massive gametes release occurred in August.From September to October majority of the population were in spent stage followed by a 4-month inactive stage until a new gametogenic cycle began.In general,the reproductive strategy of marine bivalves can be considered as an adaptation to ambient environmental factors.The influence of environment on bivalve reproduction was widely accepted,among which temperature and food availability were the most important ones.Sexual maturation is concomitant to the accumulation of nutrients,so the available food was closely related to the rate of the gonadal development.We also performed oo

关 键 词：中国蛤蜊 繁殖年周期 环境因子 条件指数 

分 类 号：S91[农业科学—水产科学]