沘江污染对沿岸农村居民影响的现况调查  

The Effects of Bijiang River Pollution on Rural Residents Living along the River

作　　者：杨彬珧[1] 薛永玲[1] 刘苹[1] 王爱玲[1] 赵涛[1] 杨晶晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明医学院公共卫生学院,云南昆明650031

出　　处：《昆明医学院学报》2010年第4期24-29,共6页Journal of Kunming Medical College

基　　金：昆明医学院创新群体基金(KMC2005DG05)

摘　　要：目的探讨沘江污染对沿岸农村居民生产生活和健康的影响,为治理污染和减轻危害提供依据.方法根据河流污染状况和沿岸村庄分布情况将沘江分为上游、中游、下游三段,采用立意抽样法选择家庭居住地距离沘江1000m以内的农户1126户,其中上游402户,中游400户,下游324户,每户抽取1人进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般情况、对污染来源的认识、污染对饮用水、生活用水、灌溉用水、农业生产和居民健康的影响等;人群健康指标包括SF-8生理及心理健康评分、两周患病率和慢性病患病率.结果被调查对象99.4%认为污染来源是铅锌矿开采,认为污染来源还有生活垃圾、人畜粪便、生活污水的人数从上游至中游和下游逐渐增多(P<0.05).被调查对象76.0%报告污染造成粮食蔬菜减产、6.9%的田地荒废、24%的水田改旱地;农户均已饮用其他水源且97.6%的认为污染对灌溉用水有影响.田地荒废、水田改旱地的情况上游比中下游稍多(P<0.05),而污染对灌溉用水的影响上游比中下游稍小(P<0.05).沿岸农村居民的两周患病率为28.06%,慢性病患病率为36.90%.SF-8结果显示生理健康状况良好的上游居民比中下游居民多(P<0.05);且上游居民的慢性病患病率比中下游居民低(P<0.05).结论沘江污染对沿岸农村居民的生活用水、农业生产和健康产生了一定的影响.Objective To study the effects of Bijiang River pollution on rural residents living along the river,so as to provide basis for management of pollution.Methods The Bijiang River was divided into upstream,midstream and downstream according to the pollution status village distribution along the river.The target people were 1126 farmers living among 1 000 meters along the river and among them 402 were from upstream and 400 from midstream and 324 from downstream.One person from every family was investigated using the questionnaire.The contents of the questionnaire included personal information,the knowledge of pollution sources,the effects of pollution on drinking water,irrigation water,agriculture production,and health of residents.Health indicators included the scores of SF-8 health survey,two-week prevalence rate and the prevalence rate of chronic diseases.Results 99.4% of investigated farmers regarded source of pollution as mine exploitation,and from the upstream to the midstream and the downstream more and more people thought that rubbish,feces and sewage were also the sources of pollution（P〈0.05）.76.0% of farmers thought that pollution caused the less production of rice and vegetables,6.9% of farmland abandoned and 24% of farmers had to change water field into dry field.The rural residents living along the river had drinking water from other source and 97.6% of investigated farmers said pollution affected their irrigation water.There was more farmland abandoned and water field changed into dry field in the upstream than that of in the midstream and downstream（P〈0.05）,but there was less effect on irrigation water in the upstream than that of in the midstream and the downstream（P〈0.05）.The two-week prevalence rate of farmers living along the river was 28.06% and the rate of chronic diseases was 36.90%.The physical scores in SF-8 of farmers living in the upstream were higher than that of farmers living in the midstream and the downstream（P〈0.05）;but the prevalence rates of chronic diseases o

关 键 词：河流污染 影响 农村居民 健康测量量表SF-8 两周患病率 慢性病患病率 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X522[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]