大南盘江地区构造对油气藏破坏作用研究  

Relationship between Tectonic Movements and Destruction of Oil and Gas Reservoirs in the Dananpanjiang Area

作　　者：吴孔友[1] 刘磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学地球资源与信息学院,山东青岛266555

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2010年第2期255-261,共7页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40772081);中石化海相勘探前瞻性重点项目(2080408)资助

摘　　要：大南盘江地区发育多套成熟烃源岩,具有良好的油气成藏条件。但由于烃源岩埋藏深、成熟早,成藏之后经历多期强烈的后期构造运动改造,先前形成的油气藏大都被破坏,导致目前地表出露多处古油藏和油气苗。多年的油气勘探证实,后期的构造运动对油气藏的破坏作用是制约该区油气勘探的关键问题。研究表明,大南盘江地区不同构造单元,油气藏的破坏因素不同。南盘江坳陷古油藏沿深大断裂分布,其破坏的主控因素是断裂活动;桂中坳陷古油藏和油气显示出露区缺失区域盖层,其破坏的主控因素是构造抬升剥蚀;十万大山盆地古油藏目前残留的烃类主要是固体沥青,镜质体反射率(Rb)大都落在2.0以上,推算经历的最高热解温度均大于200℃,而且古油藏的分布区也是印支期岩浆岩集中分布区,因此推断该区油气藏破坏的主控因素是岩浆活动。The Dananpanjiang area is divided into the Nanpanjiang depression,Guizhong depression and three reverse first-order structural units in the Shiwanshan basin. Several units of mature source rocks,which were discoveried in Cambrian,Devonian,Carboniferous and Permian strata,provided good conditions for oil and gas accumulation. However,although the source rocks were buried deeply and matured early,because of the subsequent multi-stage severe tectonic movements,the oil and gas reservoirs were destroyed after their accumulation and the ancient oil and gas reservoirs and oil seepages were exposed in the air. The process confirms that the subsequent tectonic movements mainly restrict the oil and gas explorations. The study of many ancient oil and gas reservoirs reveals that different structural units in the Dananpanjiang area controlled reservoir destruction. The ancient oil and gas reservoirs were distributed along the discordogenic faults in the Nanpanjiang depression,where the key control of reservoir destruction was responsible for fault movement. In the Guizhong depression,the ancient oil and gas reservoirs and seepages were exposed and the regional seals were eroded,where the key control of reservoir destruction was responsible for structural uplift and erosion. In the Shiwanshan basin,the residual hydrobarbon is solid bitumen,the vitrinite reflectance of which are mostly above 2.0,and the calculated highest pyrolysis temperatures were above 200℃,meanwhile,the distribution of ancient oil and gas reservoirs coincide with that of Indosinian magmatic rocks,so the key control of reservoir destruction was magmatic activity.

关 键 词：大南盘江地区 断裂活动 构造抬升 岩浆活动 油气藏破坏 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学] P542[天文地球—地质学]