机载多普勒天气雷达及应用研究进展  

A Review on the Development and Application of the Airborne Doppler Radar Technique

作　　者：周海光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2010年第5期453-462,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目"机载气象雷达云雨探测系统"(编号:2007AA061901);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"我国南方致洪暴雨监测与预测的理论和方法研究"(编号:2004CB418305);国家自然科学基金项目"双多普勒天气雷达对台风登陆前后三维结构演变的研究"(编号:40605014)资助

摘　　要：机载多普勒天气雷达由于其灵活机动性,在台风、暴雨等灾害性天气系统中尺度三维精细结构研究中发挥着重要作用。对机载多普勒天气雷达技术及其资料应用进行了概要性综述,主要从机载多普勒天气雷达发展历程、4种主要机载多普勒雷达技术特点、雷达天线扫描策略、单多普勒雷达风场反演技术、双多普勒雷达风场反演技术、雷达资料同化以及目标观测等方面进行阐述和分析;着重讨论了应用中需要解决的问题。最后,指出发展具有快速扫描和双偏振功能的机载相控阵多普勒雷达是机载天气雷达的发展方向,它可以获取高时空分辨率的探测数据,能够对云和降水系统的三维精细动力结构、热力结构以及微物理结构等进行综合研究。Because the airborne Doppler meteorological radar can provide the flexibility to observe the severe weather system,it plays an important role in studying the dynamic,thermal and microphysics structure of the squall line,heavy rainfall,typhoon and other severe weather systems.This paper reviews the development and the application of the airborne meteorological Doppler radar.The airborne Doppler radar technology development,some leading radars,scan strategy,wind retrieval,radar data assimilation and the adaptive observation are discussed.There are four major airborne Doppler meteorological radars.They are WP-3D airborne Doppler meteorological radar（P-3 radar）,ELDORA（Electra Doppler Radar/Analyses Stereoscopic par Impulsions Aeroporte）airborne dual-antennas Doppler weather radar,ER-2 Doppler radar（EDOP）and Wyoming Cloud Radar（WCR）.The P-3 and ELDORA radar operate at X-band with the antenna mounted in the tail of the aircraft.The two radars can provide the reflectivity,radial velocity and Doppler spectral data.They are vertically scanning Doppler radar.The X-band EDOP Doppler radar can provide the dual-polarization information that is useful for studying the microphysics structure of the rainfall system.Furthermore,because the ER-2 aircraft can fly at 20 km high,the EDOP radar can directly measures the vertical reflectivity and wind structure from the top of the deep convective systems.This is generally not possible with other low-and medium-altitude airborne radar.The WCR radar is a dual-polarized Doppler radar that operates at 95-GHz（3 mm）.It can provide the reflectivity,radial velocity,Doppler spectral and dual-polarization data that are very useful to investigate the dynamic and microphysics structure of the cloud and precipitation processes.In order to retrieve the three-dimensional wind field with the dual-Doppler radar algorithm,it is desired to have the two Doppler speeds from the different directions.Some radar antenna scan methodologies were developed for getting the pseudo-dual Doppler

关 键 词：机载多普勒天气雷达 扫描模式 风场反演 相控阵雷达 

分 类 号：P412.24[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P415.2