黄石地区气传致敏真菌与儿童支气管哮喘发病的关系  

Relationship between Airborne Fungi and Childhood Bronchial Asthma in Huangshi Region

作　　者：费世暖 曹丽春[1] 陈年发 刘昕[2] 

机构地区：[1]黄石市第一医院儿科,湖北黄石435000 [2]黄石市妇幼保健院B超室,湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《实用儿科临床杂志》2010年第10期736-738,共3页Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics

摘　　要：目的分析黄石地区气传真菌的种类、数量、季节性消长规律及其与儿童支气管哮喘发病的关系。方法选择本院住院部外科楼5楼平台安放取样器,采用曝片法24 h连续空气中曝片,每日换玻片1张,2007年2月-2008年2月连续曝片1 a,对全年收集到的真菌资料进行整理、鉴定、分类,找出黄石地区常见优势致敏真菌。对同期黄石地区的247例支气管哮喘患儿采用多价真菌皮试液进行变应原皮肤点刺试验,并分析其发病季节规律。结果总共曝片365张,共收集到真菌孢子12 667个,可以鉴定的真菌分属4个亚门22种属,按数量多少依次为链格孢、黑粉菌、芽枝菌、锈菌、小球腔菌、德氏菌、棒孢菌、小窦氏菌、崎曲长蠕孢、尾孢菌、细顶柱孢菌、弯孢霉、小锥枝孢菌、皮思霉、疣蠕孢菌、地舌菌、长蠕孢菌、小链孢菌、多绺孢菌、荚孢腔菌和其他(不知名真菌和菌丝)。气传真菌孢子飘散的高峰期主要集中在4-10月份,受气温、风力、降雨、日照的影响明显。42.91%的患儿皮肤变应原试验阳性,其中以多价真菌Ⅰ变应原阳性率最高,为23.48%。儿童支气管哮喘发病主要集中在4-8月份。结论黄石地区大气中一年四季均存在气传真菌,以春夏季最多,优势真菌为链格孢、黑粉菌、芽枝菌等。约40%的患儿哮喘与真菌相关。儿童支气管哮喘发病高峰与气传真菌飘散的高峰期基本吻合。Objective To analyze the relationship between categories,sum and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi and childhood bronchial asthma in Huangshi region.Methods Airborne fungi was investigated through gravitational precipitating method by placing the sample cutter at the 5th floor platform of the surgery department of the First People′s Hospital of Huangshi.Slides were exposed to the air in 24 hours with each day a new slide to be placed.This explosion of slides stayed a whole year from Feb.2007 to Feb.2008.Thus the collected data of fungi were filed,verified and then classified so as to find out the dominant allergic fungi.Multivalent allergen skin tests of fungi were performed on 247 children with bronchial asthma in Huangshi region at the same period and the pattern was explored during invasion season.Results Altogether 365 slides were exposed and 12 667 fungi were collected,which falled to the 22 genres of the 4 sub-categories.And these fungi could be arranged by sum to be alternaria,smut,cladosporium cladosporioides,uredinales,leptosphaeriamaculans and many others including those even without a name.The peak period of fungi distribution in Huangshi city was from Apr to Oct,and it was affected by temperature,wind and rainfall and sunshine.Forty-two point nine one percent were positive reaction to multivalent fungi allergens,of which the hig-hest positive rate to multivalent fungi allergensⅠwas 23.48%.The result showed asthma usually happened during Apr to Aug.Conclusions There were airborne fungi in Huangshi region yearly,and the sensitive season was spring and summer.Dominant fungi were alternaria,ustilaginales and ciadosporium.Forty percent asthma had a close connection to fungi allergens.The attack of children bronchial asthma was corresponded with fungi peak duration.

关 键 词：气传真菌 哮喘 变应原 黄石地区 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]