计算机产业全球生产网络的地方竞争性分析——兼论中国计算机产业的发展  

The Local competitiveness of Global Production Networks on Computer Industry and It's Development in China

作　　者：李健[1] 宁越敏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院城市与区域研究中心,200020 [2]华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,200062

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2010年第5期64-72,共9页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学基金项目(2009ECK002);教育部人文社会科学研究基地重大项目(07JJD840185);上海市社会科学创新研究基地(工作室)资助

摘　　要：全球化发展与生产技术进步引导了社会生产组织的变革,新的国际劳动分工深入到产品内层次,并重新勾画新的世界经济地图,如何正确评估和分析中国经济尤其是高科技产业在世界经济发展中的地位也日显重要。近些年来,全球生产网络的研究提供了一个良好分析视角和框架,本文以计算机产业为对象、以价值链-微笑曲线为框架,选取2008《商业周刊》、2008《财富》两份杂志上公布的IT100强企业资料,以全球生产网络理论为基础,揭示出美国、日本、台湾、中国大陆等不同国家和地区在全球生产网络中的地方竞争性和网络的等级性。在此基础上,配合中国外商投资企业进出口贸易结构分析,在产品内分工的视野下初步揭示出中国在全球生产网络中作为一般制造、代工生产等低端环节的"成本节约中心"的地位。针对台湾地区广达电脑公司的全球分工格局的分析,更从企业角度验证了论文的基本观点。Globalization and technology progress are guiding the transformation of spatial organization of production. New international division of labor has deepened into the level of the labor division of intra-product,and is drawing a new map of global economy. Since China has implemented the policy of reforming and opening in the end of 1970s,Chinese economy has made a great progress and China has become the third largest economics in the world. In order to evaluate the real role of China in the world economy,the paper takes computer industry as a case and studies its global value chain from the angle of view of global production networks. Based on data of IT top100 from Business Week and Fortune in 2008,this paper analyzes value-added ability of each production stage in the global value chains of computer industry. The result shows the smiling curve of value chain doesn＇t show a symmetric,bell-shaped curve but exhibits a flattening saucer shape. The paper also analyzes the competitiveness and hierarchy of different countries in GPNs of computer industry,such as US,Japan,China Taiwan,China mainland. And together with a study on dynamics and trade development of foreign investment enterprises on computer industry in China mainland,the paper argues that China is increasingly being integrated into the global production networks but more functions as the cost-decreased center of global manufacture and assembly work.

关 键 词：全球生产网络 全球价值链 地方竞争性 

分 类 号：F416.67[经济管理—产业经济]