不同修剪方式对‘红富士’苹果密植园树冠光分布特征与产量品质的影响  

Effects of different pruning modes on the light distribution characters and fruit yield and quality in densely planted 'Red Fuji' apple orchard

作　　者：宋凯[1] 魏钦平[2] 岳玉苓 王小伟[2] 张继祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京100093 [3]史丹利化肥股份有限公司,山东临沂276700

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第5期1224-1230,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家农业产业技术体系建设专项;国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2008AA10Z219);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD92B08)资助

摘　　要：研究了不同修剪方式对红富士密植园树冠内枝(梢)叶片空间分布和光分布特征及果实产量品质的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,重剪、轻剪均明显改善了树冠内部光照条件,轻剪处理树冠内小于30%的相对光照强度占树冠体积的14.6%,大于80%的高光区占11.2%;重剪处理树冠内小于30%的相对光照强度占树冠体积的12.8%,大于80%的高光区占28.8%.轻剪处理第1年的果实产量相对较高,而重剪处理第1年的果实产量较低,但二者都明显提高了果实的品质.各处理单果质量、果实硬度和可溶性固形物的含量表现为:轻剪株(重剪株(对照株,而可滴定酸的含量则相反;重剪株果实花青苷的含量最高,其次是轻剪株,对照株最低.从产量品质两方面分析,轻剪是目前苹果密植园改造比较理想的方式.This paper studied the effects of different pruning modes on the light distribution at different positions of canopy and the fruit yield and quality in different layers in a densely planted ＇Red Fuji＇ apple orchard. Comparing with no pruning,both light and heavy pruning improved the light distribution in the canopy. Under light pruning,the canopy volume with a relative light intensity less than 30% occupied 14.6% of the total,and that with a relative light intensity more than 80% accounted for 11.2%. Under heavy pruning,the two values were 12.8% and 28.8%,respectively. The fruit yield under light pruning increased in the first year,but that under heavy pruning decreased,with the fruit quality being both improved. The mean fruit mass,firmness,and soluble solid matter content decreased in the order of light pruning heavy pruning no pruning,the titratable acid content was in adverse,and the anthocyanin content was in the order of heavy pruning light pruning no pruning. From the viewpoint of fruit yield and quality,light pruning was the best modification mode for densely planted orchards.

关 键 词：红富士苹果 密植园改造 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]