室内环境因素对儿童青少年呼吸道疾病影响的横断面研究  

An association of indoor environmental factors with respiratory diseases among school aged children in urban area,Shanghai

作　　者：吴金贵[1] 庄祖嘉[1] 钮春瑾[1] 唐传喜[1] 卢国良[1] 徐慧萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心,200051

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2010年第5期450-454,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市卫生局科研基金项目(2006124)

摘　　要：目的探讨影响儿童青少年呼吸道疾病的室内环境因素,为呼吸道疾病的预防和控制提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,调查上海市城区16所中小学和幼儿园的4~17岁6551名儿童青少年的呼吸道疾病、家庭社会经济状况、儿童个体特征、父母哮喘与过敏疾病史以及家庭、教室的室内环境因素等。应用多因素logistic回归分析方法,分析环境危险因素对呼吸道疾病影响。结果调整了潜在混杂因素后,哮喘患病的危险因素有父或母吸烟、室内霉斑、室内渗漏潮湿、居室附近50 m内有车辆繁忙的街道或公路;支气管炎患病的环境危险因素有父、母亲室内吸烟、室内经常使用空气清洁化学品和居室附近50 m之内有车辆繁忙的街道或公路。结论本研究表明,父母吸烟是增大4~17岁儿童与青少年呼吸道疾病风险的重要危险因素,室内潮湿、室内霉斑可能增加呼吸道疾病的风险;居室环境因素和地理位置的改变可以预防儿童与青少年呼吸道疾病。Objective To explore the association of respiratory diseases with indoor environmental factors in school age children.Methods A cross-sectional survey of respiratory diseases was conducted among 6 551 school age children（4-17 years old）in urban areas,Shanghai.The collected variables included family society economical status（SES）,parental allergic diseases,residence and school environment factors.A logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors.Results After adjusting potential confounders for SES,age,sex,residental area and parental allergic diseases,asthma was associated with parent smoking,moisture damage,visible mould,residence near busy way within 50 meters.Household chemicals such as air freshener had little association with respiratory diseases.Conclusion Parent smoking is an important cause of respiratory diseases in school age children.Moisture damage and visible mould increased the risk of respiratory diseases.Indoor environment factors and geographical locations had independent effects on the prevalence of respiratory diseases.

关 键 词：哮喘 支气管炎 室内污染 社会经济状况 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]