北京市畜禽养殖的空间分布特征及其粪便耕地施用的可达性  

Spatial Distribution of Livestock and Poultry Production and Land Application Accessibility of Animal Manure in Beijing

作　　者：李帷[1,2] 李艳霞[1] 杨明[1] 董云社[2] 韩伟[1] 张丰松[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2010年第5期746-755,共10页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项项目(200909042);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD10B05);国家自然科学基金项目(20977010)

摘　　要：论文基于G IS技术,采用缓冲区与分区统计等空间分析方法,分析了北京市畜禽养殖空间分布与海拔、距居民点和道路距离之间的关系。引入畜禽粪便施用耕地空间分布可达性分析,探讨了北京地区畜禽养殖空间分布特征和畜禽粪便农田施用的可行性。结果表明,北京市畜禽养殖分布与距居民点距离以及海拔高度成反比,同时,在一定程度上也受到道路分布的影响。从粪便施用耕地可达性分析来看,全市50.8%的畜禽粪便可在1 h内被运送到可施用的农田。其中,大兴和通州区畜禽粪便产生地与可施用耕地的距离最近,1 h内分别有91.5%和89.5%的畜禽粪便可运输到附近耕地。由于单位时间可达的畜禽粪便量与适宜施用耕地分布之间存在着空间上的不均衡,北京东北部区县(密云、平谷、顺义、怀柔、延庆)畜禽粪便的耕地承载大于西南部地区(大兴、通州、房山、门头沟、昌平)。根据耕地承载能力以及分布特征,科学合理地布局畜禽养殖业,是降低局部地区畜禽粪便耕地承载压力及其环境风险、实现畜禽养殖业可持续发展的根本。The livestock and poultry production is rapidly evolving as a consequence of increasing demands for animal products. The changes infer impacts on the environment which are mainly associated with a mismanagement of animal manure. Beijing is one of the cities which have largescale livestock and poultry production with a high rate of regional growth. As a result, the rising amounts of animal manure produced in Beijing have increased the risk of environmental pollution. Accordingly, it is essential to figure out the distribution of livestock and poultry production and the feasibility of land application of manure in rural Beijing. The GIS technique is applied to convert data types and carry out the overlay, reclass, zonal statistic analysis and then to analyze the spatial distribution character of the livestock and poultry production and the influencing factors in Beijing. Furthermore, accessibility assessment on land application of manure is used in this study to explain the valid service for manure application of farmland. The results show a ring gradient regarding the distribution of livestock and poultry production in rural Beijing, with clear concentration in densely populated and low altitudes areas, as well as a mass close to the roads. On the whole, 50. 8% of animal manure in the study area can be transported to suitable farmland in one hour, and the farmlands in Daxing and Tongzhou counties are more accessible than other counties, because 91. 5% and 89. 5% of manure in the two counties can be transported to the farm- lands within an hour, respectively. Moreover, the farmland load of animal manure is found heavier in northeast Beijing than that in the southwest, due to the discrepancy between the accessible amounts of animal manure and the applicable farmland areas. The maximum load of animal manure per unit hour is observed in Miyun, Pinggu and Shunyi counties. Hence, to keep the sus- tainable development of the livestock and poultry production in Beijing, it is necessary to take into account the accessiblil

关 键 词：畜禽养殖 可达性 GIS 北京 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济] F224