施氮水平对土壤水解酶活性和作物产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates on Soil Hydrolase Activities and Crop Yield

作　　者：夏雪[1] 谷洁[1] 高华[1] 秦清军[1] 刘磊[1] 解缓缓[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2010年第5期756-765,共10页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40771109;40871119);科技部农转基金(2007GB200394);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD89B16)

摘　　要：为了探讨不同有机肥条件下施氮水平对土壤水解酶活性和夏玉米、冬小麦产量的影响,在陕西省眉县进行田间试验,研究和分析土壤水解酶活性及玉米、小麦产量。研究涉及无(0 kg/hm2)、中(22 500 kg/hm2)2个有机肥条件和N0(0 kg/hm2)、N1(60 kg/hm2)、N2(120 kg/hm2)、N3(180 kg/hm2)4个施氮水平。结果表明,施氮对3种土壤水解酶活性均有明显影响,而不同的土壤水解酶对施氮量的响应有所差异。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,施氮可以提高蔗糖酶活性,前者中量氮肥效果最好,后者低量氮肥效果最佳。无有机肥条件下,低量氮肥可以提高脲酶活性,但中量和高量会抑制其活性,中有机肥条件下,随着施氮量的增加脲酶活性降低。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,碱性磷酸酶活性随着施氮量的增加呈升高趋势。玉米-小麦生长期内,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随生长进程的变化趋势各不相同。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,施氮明显提高了玉米、小麦产量,低量氮肥对玉米增产效果最好,中量氮肥对小麦增产效果最佳。To investigate the effects of nitrogen application rates on soil hydrolase activities and summer maize, winter wheat yield under different organic manure conditions, a field experiment was conducted in Mei county, Shanxi province. The experiment consists of two organic manure conditions ： no （0 kg/hm2 ）, middle （ 22500 kg/hm2 ） and four nitrogen application rates ： No （0 kg/hm2）, N1 （60 kg/hm2）, N2（ 120 kg/hm2）, N3 （180 kg/hm2）. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly affected soil hydrolase activities, but effects of nitrogen application rates on different soil hydrolase activities are different. Under no and middle organic manure conditions, nitrogen application improved invertase activities. Invertase activity in the N2 treatment was highest 25.37 mg glucose/（ g ·24h） under no organic manure condition, while under middle organic manure condition, the N1 treatment has highest value 31. ! 1 mg glucose/（g · 24h）. Under no organic manure condition, urease activity in the N1 treatment 0.66 mg NH3-N/（ g · 24h） was 6.45% higher than the NO treatment, but the N2 and N3 treatments were lower than the No treatment, while under middle organic manure condition, urease activities decreased with increas- ing nitrogen application rate. Under no and middle organic manure conditions, alkaline phosphatase activities presented an increasing trend with increasing nitrogen application rate. During the growth period of maize and wheat, the activities of soil invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase had different changing trends. Under no and middle organic manure conditions, nitrogen application improved crop yield. Maize yield in the N1 treatment was highest, while wheat yield in the N2 treatment was highest.

关 键 词：施氮水平 土壤水解酶活性 玉米-小麦生长期 玉米 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]