基于DEM的复杂地形下平均气温分布式模拟研究——以贵州高原为例  

Study on Distributed Simulation of Mean Temperature over Complex Terrains Based on DEM——Taking Guizhou Plateau as an Illustration

作　　者：袁淑杰[1,2,3] 谷晓平[3] 缪启龙[4] 邱新法[4] 康为民[3] 王福增[5] 

机构地区：[1]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,石家庄050021 [2]河北省气象科学研究所,石家庄050021 [3]贵州省山地气候与资源重点实验室,贵阳550002 [4]南京信息工程大学江苏省气象灾害重点实验室,南京210044 [5]河北农业大学信息科学与技术学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2010年第5期859-867,共9页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NSFC40765004);贵州省社会发展攻关项目(黔科合SZ[2008]3019;[2009]3014);贵州气象创新项目(2008-IP02);省长资金项目(2008[70]号)

摘　　要：影响复杂地形下气温分布与变化的因素很多,其中尤以海拔高度和地形的影响最显著。论文在前人研究的基础上,对以前的模型进行了一些改进,考虑了坡度、坡向和地形相互遮蔽作用对复杂地形下天文辐射的影响,基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据,研制了以复杂地形下天文辐射为起始数据的复杂地形下平均气温的分布式模型,在模型中还考虑了海拔高度、山区太阳总辐射、日照百分率。以地形复杂的贵州高原为例,应用100 m×100 m分辨率的DEM数据及气象站常规观测气象资料,计算了贵州高原复杂地形下各月及年的平均气温精细空间分布。结果表明:①坡度、坡向、地形遮蔽对平均气温的影响较大,由于局地地形因子的影响,复杂地形下平均气温的空间分布具有明显的地域分布特征,地形对平均气温的影响在计算时是不容忽视的,②季节不同,局地地形因子对复杂地形下平均气温空间分布的影响不同,冬半年大于夏半年。平均气温随海拔高度的增加而降低。南坡随坡度的增大而升高;北坡随坡度的增大而降低。在坡向影响上,1—5月、10—12月偏北坡月平均气温偏低,偏南坡月平均气温偏高;7—8月因太阳高度较高,因此出现相反的情况,北坡高于南坡。The influence of the height above sea level and terrain on the distribution and variation of air temperature over complex terrains （CT） is most remarkable. The previous models have been improved in this paper on the basis of previous studies. The influence of slope, aspect, and terrain inter-shielding on astronomical solar radiation over CT is considered, a distributed model, which is based on astronomical solar radiation over CT and the elevation height, the global solar radiation over RT, the sunshine percentage, for calculating mean temperature （MT） over CT is developed. Using this model, the elaborated distributions of MT with a resolution of 100 m ×100 m by DEM and meteorological observations data in the Guizhou Plateau are generated. The results are as follows： 1 ） The influence of the slope, aspect and terrain inter-shielding on MT＇ s spatial distribution is great. Due to the influence of local terrain factors, the MT＇ s spatial distribution o- ver CT in Guizhou Plateau has obvious terrain distributing feature, and the effect of CT on MT should be considered. 2） The effect of local terrain factors on MT＇ s spatial distribution over CT is different in different seasons, and it is greater in winter half year than summer half year. The MT falls with height above sea level＇ s increment, it increases with slope accretion （decrease） on south （north）-central face of the mountain. The MT increases from north-central face to south- central face of the mountain, being the highest （lowest） on south （north） -central face of the mountain from January to May and from October to December. Because the solar altitude angle is quite high in July and August, it is opposite. The MT is higher on north-central face of the mountain than on south-central face of the mountain.

关 键 词：平均气温 复杂地形 数字高程模型 分布式模拟 贵州高原 

分 类 号：P423.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]