经理制度比较综议——以大陆法系为主要考察视角  

Comparative Comments on Managers System——from the Perspective of the Civil Law Systems

作　　者：钟凯[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院法学研究所 [2]四川大学

出　　处：《北方法学》2010年第3期61-73,共13页Northern Legal Science

摘　　要：在大陆法系,经理人既可作为营业主委任经营之人,也可根据法律或章程规定,作为企业法人之机关(包括代表机关)。经理权的本质是商事代理权,有关学说将经理权分解成对内管理与对外代理两种权能并不科学。大陆法系经理权依委任并公示取得,未经委任但具有经理外观者可赋予其表见经理地位。经理权的消灭也有特殊的要求。经理权可单独行使,也可共同行使,共同经理权并非对经理权范围的限制。经理人的主要义务是竞业禁止和忠实义务,违反竞业禁止的后果是公司或营业主享有归入权或介入权。根据法人理论的不同,经理和法人机关或存在交集或完全不同。大陆法系的商业辅助包括经理人,无论冠以何种称谓,其核心权限均为商事代理权,其区别仅在于根据各自与商人的关系或所处职位不同而享有不同权限。代理商属广义之商业辅助人,是企业或商人的外部代理人。In civil law systems, managers can be construed as natural persons entrusted by entrepreneurs or organs （representing organs） for legal entities. As a commercial agency power, separation of internal management and external representation is not scientific. The power of managers should be entrusted and publicized, but even without entrust, managers by estoppel can be established. There are particular requirements for terminating the power of managers. Such power can be exercised either individually or jointly, without limitation on scope in the latter. Managers should assume duty of loyalty and non-compete, in violation of which will result in confiscation or interference by the entrepreneur. Different theories on legal entities lead to overlapping or independent relations between managers and legal entities. In civil law systems, commercial assistants include managers——whatever the name called——whose power is that of commercial agency. The power difference lies in different posts and relations with entrepreneurs. As commercial assistants in general terms, commercial agents are external agents for enterprises or entrepreneurs.

关 键 词：经理权 制度比较 代理 法人机关 代理商 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]