中国煤矿职业病防治现状调查分析  

Survey on Current Situation of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment in China Coal Mines

作　　者：马骏[1] 刘丽华[1] 王雪涛[1] 张岩松[1] 刘卫东[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家安全生产监督管理总局职业安全卫生研究所,北京102300

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2010年第3期163-167,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAK05B02)

摘　　要：目的为国家制订具有针对性的政策提供科学依据,促进和提升煤炭企业尘肺病防治工作,降低尘肺病的发生。方法采用现场调查、资料研究、抽检等方法,对华北、东北、华东、西南4个地区的5个国有重点煤炭集团(共有47对矿井)、14个地方国有煤矿以及26个乡镇煤矿职业病防治现状进行研究。结果 5个国有重点煤炭集团综采工作面和机掘工作面粉尘浓度平均分别为66.8、65.5 mg/m3,尘肺病平均发病工龄为21.5 a。尘肺患者的平均发病年龄为51.6岁,在职职工平均尘肺病检出率为6.6%,离退休人员尘肺病平均检出率为13.7%;11个地方国有煤矿采煤工作面的平均总粉尘浓度为64.17 mg/m3,超标10.7倍,采煤工作面平均呼吸性粉尘浓度为16.08 mg/m3,超标4.6倍,尘肺病平均发病工龄18.5 a,Ⅰ期尘肺平均发病年龄43.8岁,尘肺病检出率7.4%;26个乡镇煤矿尘肺病的检出率7.5%,平均发病工龄6.8 a。结论煤炭企业尘肺病危害较严重;适应市场经济条件的尘肺病防治体系亟待建立。Objective To provide a scientific basis for developing relevant state policy, to promote and enhance the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in coalmines, and to reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis. Methods Field investigation, data study and sampling inspection were used to comprehensively investigate the status of prevention and control of occupational disease hazard in 47 mines of 5 state--owned coalmining groups, 14 locally administered state--owned coalmines and 26 township coalmines from north China, east China, northeast China and southwest China. Results Dust concentrations were 66.8 mg/m^3and 65.5 mg/m^3 respectively in fully mechanized coal face and tunneling working face. The mean length of service and ages of occurrence were 21.5 years and 51.6 years old, and the detected rate of pneumoconiosis was 6.6% and 13.7% respectively in miners at their posts and the retired in five state--owned coalmining groups. The mean of total dust concentration in coal face was 64.17 mg/m^3 , which was 10. 7 times over the limit value. The mean respirable dust concentration was lfi. 08 mg/m^3 in coal face, which was 4.6 times more than the limit in 11 locally administered state--owned enterprises. The mean length of service was 18.52 years, the mean age of occurrence of stage I of pneumoconiosis was 43.8 years old, and the detected rate of pneumoconiosis was 7.4%. The detected rate of pneumoconiosis was 7.5% with the mean length of service of 6.8 years in 26 township coalmines. Conclusions Pneumoconiosis hazard was severe in coalmines. The prevention and control system for pneumoconiosis feasible under market economy is urgently needed to be established in coal enterprises in the future.

关 键 词：煤炭企业 尘肺病 防治 现状调查 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]