黑河地区大气沙尘对地面辐射能收支的影响  

THE INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST ON THE SURFACE RADIATIVE ENERGY BUDGET IN THE HEIFE AREA

作　　者：沈志宝[1] 魏丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州高原大气物理研究所

出　　处：《高原气象》1999年第1期1-8,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：利用１９９１年２月下旬至５月中旬ＨＥＩＦＥ张掖绿洲和沙漠站大气浑浊度观测和地面辐射平衡各分量观测资料，分析和估算了大气沙尘对地面辐射能收支的影响。晴天大气透过率和到达地面的短波辐射与大气浑浊度系数有较好的负相关，大气浑浊度系数增大时透过率和地面总辐射减少。大气浑浊度系数增大０．１，地面总辐射减少１．３％～１．９％。４月大气浑浊度由０．１增大到０．６，正午时刻地面总辐射减少６７．６～８５．８Ｗ／ｍ２（７．０％～９．２％），减幅在沙漠大于张掖绿洲。向下长波辐射与大气浑浊度系数也有正相关趋势，大气浑浊时，向下长波辐射增加，严重浑浊日（β＞０．４５０）与相近的干洁日相比，正午时刻向下的长波辐射在沙漠增大９．０％～１０．５％，增幅在２１．６Ｗ／ｍ２以上，在张掖为７．６％～１２．８％，增幅在１７．３Ｗ／ｍ２以上，夜间的结果与此相似。白天大气沙尘通过其间接影响会使地面向上长波辐射减少。大气沙尘对地面辐射能收支的总效应是使其减少，沙漠地区在大气严重浑浊的日子正午时刻地面净辐射比清洁日减少４３～５８Ｗ／ｍ２（约９％～１２％），张掖绿洲地区受地表状况变化的影响情况较为复杂。夜间大气沙尘对地面净辐射的影响在沙漠和张掖都不明显。The influences of the atmospheric dust on the surface radiative energy budget was analysed and estimated by using the data of the atmospheric turbidity and the surface radiation balance observed at Zhangye ( oasis) and Desert stations in the HEIFE area during the period from the third decade of February to the secend decade of May in 1991.The downward components of both short and long wave radiations are affected obviously by the atmospheric dust. There are a good relationship between the atmospheric transmitttance and atmospheric turbidity coefficient. The atmospheric transmittance and surface global radiation decrease as the atmospheric turbidity increase. The surface global radiation at noon decrease 67.6～85.8 W/m 2(7.0%～9.2 %) in April when the atmospheric turbidity increase from 0.1～0.6, in other words, it decrease 1.3%～1.9% as the atmospheric turbidity increase 0.1. This decrease is larger in the desert than that in the oasis. The positive corelation was fund between the downward long wave radiation and the atmospheric turbidity. The downward long wave radiation at noon increase more than 21.6 W/m 2 (9.0%～10.5%)at Desert station and 17.3 W/m 2 (7.6%～12.8%) at Zhangye station respectively in the very turbid days ( the atmospheric turbidity coefficient are larger than 0.450) as compared with that in the clear day. The same results were fund in the night. The upward long wave radiation seems to decrease in the turbid day. The influence of the atmospheric dust on the surface radiative energy budget is to decrease the surface net radiation in the day time, but not obvious in the night. The surface net radiation at noon decreases about 43～58 W/m 2 (about 9%～12%) in the very turbid days at Desert station as compared with that in the clear day, but at Zhangye station the results are not the regurarity same as that at Desert station because the surface conditions in the oasss were affected by the irrigation.

关 键 词：大气沙尘 地面辐射能收支 大气浑浊度 气溶胶 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P422.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]