文化与国际社会  

Culture and International Society

作　　者：巴里·布赞 宋鸥(译)[3] 

机构地区：[1]英国伦敦经济学院国际关系 [2]英国科学院 伦敦 WC2A 2AE [3]吉林大学《史学集刊》编辑部,长春130012

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2010年第3期27-34,共8页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：马丁.怀特有一个假设:因超出原有基础向外扩展而导致共享文化缺失的国际社会将是不稳定的。在英国学派对国际社会从欧洲向全球规模扩展的历史所作的描述中,这一非稳定性假设一直很有影响力。就全球国际社会如何从古典时代后期演化而来可以给出两种模型:一是几个扩展中的文明之间发生多元文化碰撞(多中心);二是体系被一个中心接管(单一中心)。以这两种模型作为背景,可以阐释国际社会的两种扩展历史:先锋模式(Vanguardist)强调欧洲文化例外论,断定西方对世界的支配地位存在了五百年,认为多元文化主义和西方权力衰退论值得怀疑,对国际社会的未来倾向于持悲观态度;调和论模式(Syncretist)强调跨文化交流的持久,断定西方的支配地位仅存在两百年,认为文化和国际社会呈现共同发展态势,对于国际社会的稳定性并不感到悲观。运用这两种模型及其各自的阐释来评估国际社会可能的未来,文化对于国际社会而言并不像怀特和许多英国学派成员所推想的那么成问题。This paper investigates a hypothesis drawn from Martin Wight,that a society of states lacking a shared culture because it has expanded beyond its original base,will be unstable. I start by offering two models of how a global international society could have come about from the position in the late classical era:a multicultural encounter among several expanding civilizations,or the takeover of the system by one centre. Using these models as a backdrop,I develop two accounts of the expansion story. The Vanguardist account emphasises the exceptionalism of European culture,posits a five hundred year period of Western domination,sees multiculturalism and the decline of Western power as problematic,and tends to pessimism about the future of international society. The Syncretist account emphasizes the permanence of cross-cultural exchange,posits only a two-hundred year period of Western dominance,sees culture and international society as evolving together,and is not pessimistic about the stability of international society. The argument is that culture is less of a problem for international society than Wight,and much of the English school,suppose.

关 键 词：文化 国际社会 先锋模式 调和论模式 开放准入秩序 自然国家 

分 类 号：G05[文化科学]