东北地区土壤侵蚀空间变化特征研究  

Study on Spatial Variation of Soil Erosion in Northeastern China

作　　者：焦剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第3期1-6,63,F0002,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部松花江辽河委员会"东北黑土区水土流失综合防治试点工程"

摘　　要：东北地区日益严重的水土流失已引起人们广泛关注,但现有土壤侵蚀研究多限于局部地区。了解本区土壤侵蚀空间变化特征,为水土保持规划提供进一步支持已迫在眉睫。本文在建立东北地区土壤流失方程的基础上,利用径流小区观测资料、气象资料、地图和遥感资料,计算多年平均土壤侵蚀量并检验计算精度,据此分析土壤侵蚀空间变化特征。结果表明:东北地区水土流失面积达到63.4万km2,占全区总面积50.8%,土壤侵蚀现状不容忽视。土壤侵蚀强度大致呈自东南向西北方向递减的趋势。但地形起伏的影响,使得这一变化趋势更为复杂。本区土壤侵蚀较为严重的地区为辽河干流西侧各支流流域的丘陵地带和流域东部降水丰沛的地区,松花江流域的山前丘陵漫岗区。研究结果对本区水土保持规划具有重要参考意义。Severe soil loss of Northeastern China gives rise to widespread concern about it. But researches in soil erosion are only limited to certain spots now. To give further support to the plan of soil conservation,overall investigation of the temporal variation of soil erosion is urgently needed. To calculate soil loss amount,this paper established soil loss equation of Northeastern China by using precipitation records of climate stations,runoff and sediment yields data from plots and sense remote data. Then the application of the soil loss equation was validated and the temporal variation of soil erosion was analyzed. The results showed that the area of soil erosion was 6.34×10^5km^2 in the Northeastern China,which was 50.8% of the total area. The intensity of soil erosion increased from the northwest to southeast,while landforms made the trend became more complex. Severe soil erosion happened in the hilly regions of the Songhua river basin and the western part of the Liao river basin,and the region with rich precipitation in the eastern part of the Liao river basin. This analysis will make important suggestion for the plan of soil conservation in this region.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 土壤流失方程 空间变化 东北地区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]