深圳市土地利用对土壤侵蚀的影响研究  

Effects of Land Use on Soil Erosion in Shenzhen,China

作　　者：穆天龙[1] 谢婧[1,2] 吴健生[1] 王秀茹[2] 郑茂坤[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院,城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [3]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第3期53-58,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点基金(40635028);国家自然科学基金青年项目(40801066);中国博士后科学基金项目(200801017)

摘　　要：运用修正通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)对深圳市土壤侵蚀进行定量计算,并依据城市水土流失标准进行分级,应用并修正土壤侵蚀强度综合指数和区域土壤侵蚀强度综合指数,对深圳市全市及下辖各区的土地利用和土壤侵蚀关系进行比较分析。结果表明:深圳市较少侵蚀等级以上土壤侵蚀面积为81.588km2;全市平均土壤侵蚀模数为3570.676t/(hm2.a),土壤侵蚀模数最大值为447621.594t/(hm2.a);以土地利用类型划分,最易引起侵蚀的三种土地利用类型是采矿地、未利用地以及工地和推平未建地,最不易引起土壤侵蚀的三种土地利用类型是林地、草地和水田,最易引起土壤侵蚀并造成最大影响的用地类型是果园;而从区域分异来看,南山区和龙岗区发生土壤侵蚀的可能性较大,应及早预防。This paper calculates soil erosion in Shenzhen based on GIS and RUSLE,classifies it in accordance with standards of urban soil erosion,introduces and amends the composite indexes of soil erosion intensity and regional soil erosion intensity in order to analyze the spatial relationships between land use and soil erosion. Several data,including land use distribution,the rainfall records,soil type distribution,the landforms,are used in this paper. The land use types can be classified into 10 types：paddy field,cultivated lands,orchard,bush,forest,grassland,construction site,mining field,unused land and urban area on the basis of common classification standards. In this paper,30×30 meters is chosen as the basic pixel size. RUSLE consists of six factors-rainfall-runoff erosivity factor,soil erodibility factor,slope length factor,slope steepness,cover-management factor and support practice factor. These six factors give the total soil loss,which comes to 1 733.23 t/（hm^2·a） on average. The composite indexes of soil erosion intensity and regional soil erosion intensity are employed to discuss how much land use affects soil erosion,the degree of which is represented by a series of indexes. The results are as follows：three land use types which are most likely to cause soil erosion are mining,unused land and building sites （razed ground included）; three land-use types which are most likely to retain soil are forest,grassland and paddy fields; agricultural land-use type which is most likely to cause significant soil erosion is the orchard; Nanshan District and Longgang District are the key districts in which to improve soil and water conservation.

关 键 词：土地利用 土壤侵蚀 RUSLE 土壤侵蚀强度综合指数 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] F301.24[农业科学—农业基础科学]