不同栽培模式下两个旱地小麦品种籽粒灌浆特性与产量构成分析  

The Grain-filling Characteristics and Yield Components of Two Wheat Varieties under Different Cultivating Models

作　　者：陈炜[1] 邓西平[1] 聂朝娟[1] 陈玉华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第3期240-244,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50779063);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX-YW-09-07);西北农林科技大学拔尖人才支持计划项目;国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118604)

摘　　要：在长武旱塬地区通过大田试验,研究了该地区主栽的两个小麦品种长武134及长旱58在不同栽培模式下,籽粒灌浆特性、旗叶叶绿素含量与产量的关系,并对产量构成及灌浆各参数进行分析。结果表明,千粒重与灌浆持续天数Td、平均灌浆速度Va、灌浆渐增期天数T1、灌浆速增天数T2、最大灌浆速度Vm均呈显著相关,通过对不同栽培模式下旗叶叶绿素含量的比较发现,有机肥与化肥的互作,可以适当延长灌浆持续时间,使籽粒获得较高的千粒重,提高了小麦的水分利用效率和收获指数。通过比较不同栽培模式下籽粒千粒重、产量的差异表明有机肥与化肥互作的栽培模式较只使用化肥的栽培模式籽粒的千粒重、产量和水分利用效率分别增加了7.527%,10.74%和23.85%。对产量构成进行分析,粒重是影响籽粒产量的主要因素。A field experiment was conducted in the dryland areas of the Loess Plateau. The two wheat varieties （changwu134 and changhan58） planting popularly in this area were as the material. The objectives of the study were to explore the relationships among the grain-filling characteristics,the stay green of flag leaf and grain yields under different cultivating models and analysis the components of the yield. Results showed that the kernel weight of winter wheat was positive correlated with Td （the days of whole grain filling）,with Va （the average rate of whole grain filling）,with T1 （the days of grain filling of gradual growth）,with T2 （the days of grain filling fast growth period）,with Rmax （the maximum rate of the whole grain filling） at 0.01 significant level. Compared the contents of total chlorophyll in flag leaves under different cultivating models,it showed that：using organic manure could increase the days of grain filling,the kernel weight,the WUE（water use efficiency）,the HI（harvest index） and the yield,respectively. The averages of 1000-grain weight,the yield and the WUE were increased by 7.527%,10.74%and 23.85% comparing with that of only use fertilizer. The kernel weight is the main factor that causes the yield differences.

关 键 词：小麦品种 黄土高原旱区 籽粒灌浆特性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S311